Abstract: The photoelectron spectrum of cyclobutadiene, cC~ H~, is reported with partial resolution of vibrational structure. Model calculations of the Franck-Condon envelope in the spectrum, based on ab initio geometries and force constants for cC~ H~ and c-C4H4'+, find a surprisingly good agreement for a transition from the rectangular neutral to a rectangular, as opposed to a rhomboidal or square, radical cation. An adiabatic ionization potential of ...