The effects of surface abrasion on microstructure and pitting corrosion of 2297 A l-Li alloy were investigated. Statistical analysis reveals that surface abrasion alters surface roughness and induces partial dissolution of intermetallic particles. A smoother surface finish reduces the population density and the average size of AlCuMnFe particles, due to enhanced dissolution of AlCuMnFe particles. All abraded samples undergo pitting corrosion, and surface layer dissolution (except pitting) is not observed. Smoother surface has lower pitting susceptibility and better corrosion resistance than the rougher surface. The intermetallic particles significantly affect pitting corrosion of 2297 A l-Li alloy, while surface roughness has small influence.