Tetrahedron

Direct ester condensation from a 1: 1 mixture of carboxylic acids and alcohols catalyzed by hafnium (IV) or zirconium (IV) salts

K Ishihara, M Nakayama, S Ohara, H Yamamoto

文献索引：Ishihara, Kazuaki; Nakayama, Masaya; Ohara, Suguru; Yamamoto, Hisashi Tetrahedron, 2002 , vol. 58, # 41 p. 8179 - 8188

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被引用次数: 166

摘要

To promote atom efficiency in synthesis and to avoid the generation of environmental waste, the use of stoichiometric amounts of condensing reagents or excess substrates should be avoided. In esterification, excess amounts of either carboxylic acids or alcohols are normally needed. We found that the direct condensation of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols could be achieved using hafnium (IV) or zirconium (IV) salts. These metal ...