Abstract 4, 4′-Unsymmetrically substituted biphenyls can be synthesized by cross-coupling reactions of substituted aromatic organometallic reagents and aromatic halides catalyzed by palladium complexes. This two-step method from commercially available aromatic halides has been used for the synthesis of a series of donor/acceptor para-substituted biphenyls, D C 6 H 4 C 6 H 4 A, where D is an electron donor group and A an electron acceptor ...
