Summary A general method for the preparation of 4-hydroxyquinolines has been developed. This synthesis is illustrated by the conversion of m-chloroaniline, p-anisidine, and 3, 4- dimethylaniline to 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives and of 3-aminop yridine to 4-hydroxy-1, 5- naphthyridine. The aromatic amines were condensed with ethoxyniethylenemalonic ester and the resulting carbethoxyanilinoacrylates cyclized by heating in a high-boiling solvent ...