Cobalt catalyzed normal pressure carbonylation of aryl halides. Notable solvent effects on the ratio of mono-to double-carbonylation

~3%

~50%

~26%

~24%

~7%

~1%

~1%

~12%

~19%

~11%

~2%

~19%

~18%

~18%

~21%

~50%

~5%

~1%

~7%

~1%

~1%

~22%

~22%

~2%

~17%

~3%

~16%

~0%

~9%

~9%

~44%