Abstract Generally 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones were prepared from 1, 3- alkanediones, 3-chloro-2-alken-1-ones, or conjugated ynones. The preparation of 3-hetero- substituted 2-alken-1-ones was subjected to some limitations by these methods. By the reaction of 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones (I) and 3-(3-oxo-1-alkenyl)-1-methylimidazolium iodides (II) with nucleophiles, 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones could be obtained ...