The nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S N Ar) reaction is one of the most fundamental transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. 1 Various nucleophiles , such as alcohols , phenols , amines , and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, have been employed for the reaction. Traditionally, highly reactive bases such as NaH, t-BuOKetc. have been utilized to deprotonate nucleophiles and so generate reactive anions. The stoichiometric use of bases has been regarded as essential for ...