The importance of aromatic and heteroaromatic amines is generally known1. The most common method for their preparation is nucleophilic aromatic substitution of halide or other nucleofugal groups under conventional2 or catalytic conditions3. In cases of electron- deficient substrates, such as azines and nitroarenes, the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (Sh N), 4 including its oxidative5 and vicarious6 versions, is an attractive ...