The Role of Antibiotics in Modulating Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00120-16

2017-07-19

Staphylococcus aureus is often involved in severe infections, in which the effects of bacterial virulence factors have great importance. Antistaphylococcal regimens should take into account the different effects of antibacterial agents on the expression of vi...

Two Tales of Cytauxzoon felis Infections in Domestic Cats [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00010-17

2017-06-21

Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects wild felids as well as the domestic cat; it is caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Cytauxzoon felis is the species of major concern, whose transmission...

Current and Emerging Topical Antibacterials and Antiseptics: Agents, Action, and Resistance Patterns [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00112-16

2017-06-07

Bacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. Prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an anti...

Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00109-16

2017-05-24

SUMMARY The last estimated annual incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis worldwide exceeds that of chlamydia and gonorrhea combined. This critical review updates the state of the art on advances in T. vaginalis diagnostics and strategies for treatment and prevent...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00114-16

2017-05-24

SUMMARY Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children as well as adults that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Over the past several years there has been much new information published concerning in...

Bartonella Species, an Emerging Cause of Blood-Culture-Negative Endocarditis [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00013-17

2017-05-10

SUMMARY Since the reclassification of the genus Bartonella in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different Bartonella species with human disease continues to grow, as does the range of...

Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How? [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00043-16

2017-05-10

SUMMARY Genotyping studies of medically important fungi have addressed elucidation of outbreaks, nosocomial transmissions, infection routes, and genotype-phenotype correlations, of which secondary resistance has been most intensively investigated. Two methods...

Susceptibility Testing of Medically Important Parasites [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00111-16

2017-04-26

SUMMARY In the last 2 decades, renewed attention to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has spurred the development of antiparasitic agents, especially in light of emerging drug resistance. The need for new drugs has required in vitro screening methods using p...

Toxoplasma Effectors Targeting Host Signaling and Transcription [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00005-17

2017-04-12

SUMMARY Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) organelles and small, dense granules (GRAs), both of which are secreted dur...

Bacterial and Fungal Endophthalmitis [Reviews]

10.1128/CMR.00113-16

2017-03-29

SUMMARY Endophthalmitis is a severe eye infection that may result in permanent loss of useful vision in the affected eye. Most cases are exogenous and occur as a complication of cataract surgery, an intravitreal injection, or penetrating ocular trauma. Endoge...