We disclose the design of a novel series of cyanoguanidines that are potent (IC50≃ 10− 100 nM) and selective (≥ 100-fold) P2X7 receptor antagonists against the other P2 receptor subtypes such as the P2Y2, P2X4, and P2X3. We also found that these P2X7 antagonists effectively reduced nociception in a rat model of neuropathic pain (Chung model). Particularly, analogue 53 proved to be effective in the Chung model, with an ED50 of 38 ...