Intensive studies have focused on vaccine and drug development targeting different stages of the parasite life cycle to combat the disease. 7, 8 and 9 The search for effective vaccines, either with subunit or whole parasite approaches, is challenging due to the polymorphic nature of the parasites. 7, 8, 9 and 10 In addition, cost is also a concern as malaria is problematic in third world countries. 7 Drug treatments have been adopted and a majority of antimalarial agents in ...