Download PDF Opens in a new window. Article suggestions will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect. ... Please enable JavaScript to use all the features on this page. ... A one electron transfer process during the vicarious nucleophilic substitution C-amination of 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole is detected by EPR-monitoring. ... Vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen provides a convenient method for the introduction of functional groups into aromatic 1., 2., 3., 4., 5. ...