We synthesized various pH-responsive fluorescent deoxyuridine derivatives (1a–g). These fluorescent nucleosides exhibited distinctive fluorescence at 470–600nm in aqueous solvents containing methanol only at acidic to neutral pH values. In particular, 1f exhibited strong fluorescence only at pH range of 3.1–7.2 with a pKa of 6.1. Such pH-sensitive fluorescent nucleosides can be used as 'on–off'fluorescence switch for monitoring pH ...