To analyze the volatile oil of olibanum and apply scientific evidences for its applications.The volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS.One hundred components were identified,accounting for 91.26% of the total volatile oil, and the main components were octyl acetate, beta-elemene. It contains some transdermal absorption enhancers.The components of olibanum volatile oil were complicated; the connatural transdermal absorption enhancers make it possible to use in external preparation.