Sulfaquinoxaline

Sulfaquinoxaline is an antimicrobial for veterinary use, with activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Sulfaquinoxaline is used to prevent coccidiosis and bacterial infections[1][2].

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Bacterial, Parasite[1][2]

Sulfaquinoxaline shows the presence of all antimicrobial residues at concentration higher than the drugs' maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg/kg until two days after discontinuation of the medication[2].

For the depletion studies, 240 1-day-old Cobb chicks are used. The chickens are housed in pens that contains 30 birds each (10 birds/m2) and are provided ad libitum access to water and non-medicated feed. The chickens are randomly allocated into four experimental groups, labeled from A to D, containing 80 birds each. Chickens in group A form the untreated control group, whereas those in groups B, C and D are treated with 10 mg/kg bw of enrofloxacin, Sulfaquinoxaline or oxytetracycline, respectively, which is administered via drinking water from the 32nd to 34th day of breeding[1].

[1]. de Assis DC, et al. Evaluation of the Presence and Levels of Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Sulfaquinoxaline and Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chickens after Drug Administration. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 15;11(11):e0166402.

[2]. Urbano VR, et al. Influence of pH and ozone dose on sulfaquinoxaline ozonation. J Environ Manage. 2017 Jun 15;195(Pt 2):224-231.

DATA ITEMS CITED :

7

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C14-H12-N4-O2-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

300.36

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T66 BN ENJ CMSWR DZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1370 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

MahWM# Personal Communication from W.M. Mahlburg, Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co., P.O. Box 7532, Madison, WI 53707, Nov. 16, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: 16NOV1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

15 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85JFAN "Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 1983-86 Volume(issue)/page/year: A370,1983 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

9100 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,357,1944

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1400 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - hemorrhage Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,357,1944 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - A1518 No. of Facilities: 615 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 901 (estimated)