Gabapentin

Names

[ Name ]:
Gabapentin

[Synonym ]:
Gabapetin
Neurontin
1-(Aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid
2-[1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid
Cyclohexaneacetic acid, 1-(aminomethyl)-
GABAPENTINE
GABAPENTIN
Gabapentin hydrochloride
2-[(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid
1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
MFCD00865286
2-(1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl)acetic acid
EINECS 262-076-3
Gababentin
[1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid
Gabapentin HCl

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Gabapentin (Neurontin) is a pharmaceutical drug, specifically a GABA analog. It was originally developed to treat epilepsy, and currently is also used to relieve neuropathic pain.IC50 Value: 140 nM (α2δ subunit of calcium channel) [1]Target: Calcium Channelin vitro: Gabapentin, baclofen and CGP 44532 all reduced the electrically stimulated release of [3H]glutamic acid (IC50=20 microM, 0.8 microM and 2 microM, respectively). Gabapentin was without effect on the release of [3H]GABA, whilst baclofen (IC50=8 microM) and CGP 44532 (IC50=1 microM) inhibited [3H]GABA release [2]. A large inhibition of calcium currents by gabapentin was observed in pyramidal neocortical cells (up to 34%). Significantly, the gabapentin-mediated inhibition of calcium currents saturated at particularly low concentrations (around 10 microM), at least in neocortical neurons (IC50 about 4 microM) [3].in vivo: Gabapentin produced an anti-allodynic effect over the 7-day period, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but increasing the expression of IL-10 (TNF-α, 316.0 ± 69.7 pg/mL vs 88.8 ± 24.4 pg/mL; IL-1β, 1,212.9 ± 104.5 vs 577.4 ± 97.1 pg/mL; IL-6, 254.0 ± 64.8 pg/mL vs 125.5 ± 44.1 pg/mL; IL-10, 532.1 ± 78.7 pg/mL vs 918.9 ± 63.1 pg/mL). The suppressive effect of gabapentin on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was partially blocked by the anti-IL-10 antibody [4].Toxicity: No new safety signals or adverse event trends relating to GEn exposure were identified [5].Clinical trial: N/A

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> Calcium Channel

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Natural Products >> Others

[References]

[1]. Pan CF, et al. Inhibitory mechanisms of gabapentin, an antiseizure drug, on platelet aggregation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;59(9):1255-61.

[2]. Gee NS, et al. The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha2delta subunit of a calcium channel. J Biol Chem. 1996 Mar 8;271(10):5768-76.

[3]. Abdel-Salam OM, et al. The effect of gabapentin on oxidative stress in a model of toxic demyelination in rat brain. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2012;23(2):61-8.

[4]. Yang JL, et al. Gabapentin reduces CX3CL1 signaling and blocks spinal microglial activation in monoarthritic rats. Mol Brain. 2012 May 30;5:18.

[5]. Zand L, et al. Gabapentin toxicity in patients with chronic kidney disease: a preventable cause of morbidity. Am J Med. 2010 Apr;123(4):367-73.

[6]. Hung TY, et al. Gabapentin toxicity: an important cause of altered consciousness in patients with uraemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009. pii: bcr11.2008.1268.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.1±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
314.4±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
162°C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₉H₁₇NO₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
171.237

[ Flash Point ]:
144.0±20.4 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
171.125931

[ PSA ]:
63.32000

[ LogP ]:
1.19

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.489

[ Storage condition ]:
Desiccate at +4°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
H2O: 10 mg/mL

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: GU6496000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Cyclohexaneacetic acid, 1-(aminomethyl)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 60142-96-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 4

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C9-H17-N-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 171.27

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >8 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DRFUD4 Drugs of the Future. (J.R. Prous, S.A., Apartado de Correos 540, 08080 Barcelona, Spain) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,518,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DRFUD4 Drugs of the Future. (J.R. Prous, S.A., Apartado de Correos 540, 08080 Barcelona, Spain) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,518,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >8053 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DRFUD4 Drugs of the Future. (J.R. Prous, S.A., Apartado de Correos 540, 08080 Barcelona, Spain) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,418,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DRFUD4 Drugs of the Future. (J.R. Prous, S.A., Apartado de Correos 540, 08080 Barcelona, Spain) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,518,1986

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07, GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H315-H319-H335-H360

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P201-P261-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R61

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S53-S26-S36/37/39-S45

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
GU6496000

[ HS Code ]:
2922499990

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2922499990

[ Summary ]:
HS:2922499990 other amino-acids, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function, and their esters; salts thereof VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

Articles

Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).

J. Sci. Ind. Res. 65(10) , 808, (2006)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant concern in drug development due to the poor concordance between preclinical and clinical findings of liver toxicity. We hypothesized that the DILI typ...

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Drug-induced liver injury is a major issue of concern and has led to the withdrawal of a significant number of marketed drugs. An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals ...

A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.

Drug Metab. Dispos. 38 , 2302-8, (2010)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most important reasons for drug development failure at both preapproval and postapproval stages. There has been increased interest in developing predicti...

Related Compounds

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