4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Natural Products >> Phenylpropanoids

Research Areas >> Infection

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Bacteria:160 μg/mL (IC50)

Most of the gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to trans 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid (4-HBA) and 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid at IC50 concentrations of 100-170 and 160 μg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid and t4-HCA against 11 food pathogenic bacteria, 6 plant pathogenic bacteria, 2 yeasts and 15 plant pathogenic fungi are tested by the paper disc method. These compounds inhibit the growth of most of the bacteria and yeasts at concentrations of 200-400 μg. However, the inhibition is more effective against most of the gram-positive bacteria. When tested by the paper disc method, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid has stronger antimicrobial activity than t4-HCA against S. aureus, L. mesenteroides, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans at a concentration of 50 μg. However, no inhibitory effect against fungi was observed at concentrations even up to 1000 μg[1].

[1]. Cho JY, Antimicrobial activity of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and trans 4-hydroxycinnamic acid isolated and identified from rice hull. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 Nov;62(11):2273-6.

3-Methyladenine | Puromycin 2HCl | Hydrocortisone | Geneticin | Acetylcysteine(N-acetylcysteine) | Tunicamycin | Hygromycin B | Retinoic acid | Melatonine | Salinomycin | Dinoprostone | Avibactam sodium | Neomycin sulfate | Nicotinamide | Adenosine triphosphate

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C7-H6-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

138.13

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QVR DQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 28(7),53,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

340 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 51(1),85,1986

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DRSTAT Drug Standards. (Washington, DC) V.19-28, 1951-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,89,1952

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

210 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia

REFERENCE :

JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,260,1956

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1050 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 128,135,1960 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

42 gm/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :

GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 28(7),53,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

15 gm/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 51(1),85,1986 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81913 No. of Facilities: 312 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 2512 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81913 No. of Facilities: 41 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 2722 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1767 (estimated)