Pathological hepatic accumulation of long-chain n-alkanes ("paraffin liver") in cows (Harbitz and Fölling, 1940). An overlooked discovery. Description of lesions and identification of alkanes.

K Halse, E Solheim, K Nordstoga

Index: APMIS 101(6) , 430-6, (1993)

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Abstract

About 50 years ago crystalline deposits of a substance representing approximately 7 per cent wet tissue weight and believed to be hentriacontane or a mixture of similar long-chain n-alkanes (30-34 carbon atoms) were detected in two discoloured and swollen cow livers. Stored purified extracts from these livers were recently reanalysed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. They were found to contain about equal amounts of nonacosane and hentriacontane with a small admixture of tritriacontane and other long carbon-chain alkanes. On the basis of histological findings, five additional cases of "paraffin liver" in cows have been recorded. In the discussion comparison is made with the only known case of a similar disorder in a human, visceral accumulation of the same three alkanes as in the cows, which was recently described in the literature. Concerning the origin of the deposits, importance is given to the fact that the long-chain alkanes with odd carbon numbers identified both in cattle and man predominate in the cuticular waxes of many dietary plants. The very large quantities of the abnormal substance in the cow livers indicate low toxicity, and evidently accumulation over long periods of time.