Ghrelin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury and mortality in rats.

Rongqian Wu, Weifeng Dong, Mian Zhou, Fangming Zhang, Corrado P Marini, Thanjavur S Ravikumar, Ping Wang

Index: Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176(8) , 805-13, (2007)

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Abstract

Our study has shown that plasma levels of ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide, are significantly reduced in sepsis, and that ghrelin administration improves organ blood flow via a nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-dependent pathway. However, it remains unknown whether ghrelin has any protective effects on severe sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and, if so, whether inhibition of NF-kappaB plays any role in it.To test the hypothesis that ghrelin reduces severe sepsis-induced ALI and mortality through inhibition of NF-kappaB.Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Five hours after CLP, a bolus intravenous injection of 2 nmol of ghrelin was followed by continuous infusion of 12 nmol of ghrelin via a minipump for 15 hours. Samples were harvested 20 hours post-CLP (i.e., severe sepsis). Pulmonary levels of ghrelin and proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. NF-kappaB p65 and IkappaBalpha expression and NF-kappaB activity were measured by Western blot analysis and ELISA, respectively. Pulmonary blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. In additional animals, the necrotic cecum was excised 20 hours post-CLP and 10-day survival was recorded.Pulmonary levels of ghrelin decreased significantly 20 hours post-CLP. Ghrelin administration restored pulmonary levels of ghrelin, reduced lung injury, increased pulmonary blood flow, down-regulated proinflammatory cytokines, inhibited NF-kappaB activation, and improved survival in sepsis. Administration of a specific ghrelin receptor antagonist worsened the survival rate after CLP and cecal excision.Ghrelin can be developed as a novel treatment for severe sepsis-induced ALI. The protective effect of ghrelin is mediated through inhibition of NF-kappaB.