Magnesium-containing mixed coatings on zirconia for dental implants: mechanical characterization and in vitro behavior.

Karoline Pardun, Laura Treccani, Eike Volkmann, Philipp Streckbein, Christian Heiss, Juergen W Gerlach, Stephan Maendl, Kurosch Rezwan

Index: J. Biomater. Appl. 30 , 104-18, (2015)

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Abstract

An important challenge in the field of dental and orthopedic implantology is the preparation of implant coatings with bioactive functions that feature a high mechanical stability and at the same time mimic structural and compositional properties of native bone for a better bone ingrowth. This study investigates the influence of magnesium addition to zirconia-calcium phosphate coatings. The mixed coatings were prepared with varying additions of either magnesium oxide or magnesium fluoride to yttria-stabilized zirconia and hydroxyapatite. The coatings were deposited on zirconia discs and screw implants by wet powder spraying. Microstructure studies confirm a porous coating with similar roughness and firm adhesion not hampered by the coating composition. The coating morphology, mechanical flexural strength and calcium dissolution showed a magnesium content-dependent effect. Moreover, the in vitro results obtained with human osteoblasts reveal an improved biological performance caused by the presence of Mg(2+) ions. The magnesium-containing coatings exhibited better cell proliferation and differentiation in comparison to pure zirconia-calcium phosphate coatings. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that magnesium addition increases the bioactivity potential of zirconia-calcium phosphate coatings and is thus a highly suitable candidate for bone implant coatings.© The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.