Urea

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
57-13-6

[ Name ]:
Urea

[Synonym ]:
Carbonyl diamide
diaminomethanal
Urea
UREUM
Carbamide
EINECS 200-315-5
MFCD00008022
carbonyl diamine
Urea (8CI,9CI)

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.335

[ Boiling Point ]:
332.48°C

[ Melting Point ]:
131-135 ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
CH₄N₂O

[ Molecular Weight ]:
60.055

[ Flash Point ]:
53.7±22.6 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
60.032364

[ PSA ]:
69.11000

[ LogP ]:
-1.43

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
<0.1 hPa (20 °C)

[ Index of Refraction ]:
n20/D 1.40

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Stability ]:
Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture.

[ Water Solubility ]:
1080 g/L (20 ºC)

MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: YR6250000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Urea

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 57-13-6

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 43

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C-H4-N2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 60.07

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZVZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8471 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 567 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 11 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 6608 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 14800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 511 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tetany Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 288 mg/m3/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in chlorine

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3024 mg/kg/4W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 37800 mg/kg/25W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in prostate weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 821 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 394 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraplacental

DOSE :: 1400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraplacental

DOSE :: 1600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraplacental

DOSE :: 1600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intrauterine

DOSE :: 6 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 18 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 gm/L

REFERENCE :: GMCRDC Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,95,1981 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80231 No. of Facilities: 22367 (estimated) No. of Industries: 156 No. of Occupations: 119 No. of Employees: 284911 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7915 No. of Facilities: 9 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 63 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80231 No. of Facilities: 31269 (estimated) No. of Industries: 204 No. of Occupations: 164 No. of Employees: 783504 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 326824 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn,Xi

[ Risk Phrases ]:
36/37/38-40

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36-S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
1

[ RTECS ]:
YR6250000

[ HS Code ]:
3102100001

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

Carbon dioxide
Cyanamide
Ammonium carbamate
N-Hydroxysuccinimide
3-Oxocyclobutanecarboxylic acid
AMMONIUMCYANATE
Ammonia
Calcium cyanamide
Thymine

DownStream

N-2(2-Methoxyethyl)-N-nitrosourea
2-thiophen-3-ylethylurea
5-acetyl-4-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
methylamine
Acetone
Tricyanic acid
Methyl carbamimidate
3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-lutidine
2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 5-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl- (9CI)
5-CHLORO-1-METHYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBONITRILE

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 3102100001

Articles

A new enabling proteomics methodology to investigate membrane associated proteins from parasitic nematodes: case study using ivermectin resistant and ivermectin susceptible isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus.

Vet. Parasitol. 207(3-4) , 266-75, (2015)

The mechanisms involved in anthelmintic resistance (AR) are complex but a greater understanding of AR management is essential for effective and sustainable control of parasitic helminth worms in lives...

Itraconazole suppresses the growth of glioblastoma through induction of autophagy: involvement of abnormal cholesterol trafficking.

Autophagy 10(7) , 1241-55, (2014)

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers with poor prognosis, and therefore a critical need exists for novel therapeutic strategies for management of glioblastoma patients. Itraconazol...

Synergistic activity of tenofovir and nevirapine combinations released from polycaprolactone matrices for potential enhanced prevention of HIV infection through the vaginal route.

Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88(2) , 406-14, (2014)

Polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices were simultaneously loaded with the antiviral agents, tenofovir (TFV) and nevirapine (NVP), in combination to provide synergistic activity in the prevention of HIV tran...

Urea
urea
Urea
biurea
Urea-d4
Oxyurea
4-ethoxy-3-fluoro-N-(5-hydroxy-3-(thiophen-3-yl)pentyl)benzenesulfonamide
3-chloro-N-(5-hydroxy-3-(thiophen-3-yl)pentyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
N-(5-hydroxy-3-(thiophen-3-yl)pentyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide
N-(5-hydroxy-3-(thiophen-3-yl)pentyl)-4-isobutoxybenzenesulfonamide
2-(4-Cyanopiperidin-1-yl)nicotinic acid
6-(4-Cyanopiperidin-1-yl)nicotinic acid
1-(2-Azidoacetyl)piperidine-4-carbonitrile
2-chloro-1-(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)butan-1-one
2-Chloro-1-(isoindolin-2-yl)butan-1-one
2-Azido-1-(isoindolin-2-yl)ethan-1-one

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