Choline chloride

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Names

[ CAS No. ]:
67-48-1

[ Name ]:
Choline chloride

[Synonym ]:
Lipotril
[3H]-Choline chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
2-hydroxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1)
trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride
Colina cloruro [DCIT]
Actiron CC 6
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium chloride
MFCD00011721
(β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Neocolina
choline hydrochloride
HEPACHOLINE
Hormocline
Biocoline
CHOLINE (CL)
CHOLINE, CHLORIDE
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride
Cholinchlorid
Paresan
cholinium chloride
EINECS 200-655-4
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
BIOCOLINA
choline chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.205 g/cm3

[ Melting Point ]:
302-305 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₅H₁₄ClNO

[ Molecular Weight ]:
139.624

[ Exact Mass ]:
139.076385

[ PSA ]:
20.23000

[ Storage condition ]:
0-6°C

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, moisture. Store under a dry atmosphere.

[ Water Solubility ]:
soluble

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KH2975000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 67-48-1

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 24

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H14-N-O.Cl

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 139.65

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - chromodacryorrhea Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 450 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 320 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 735 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 53 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1100 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 331 mg/kg/14W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4950 mg/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6250 mg/kg/10W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3564 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in spleen

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 ug/L

REFERENCE :: ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,1,1985 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 19130 No. of Facilities: 198 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 2813 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 19130 No. of Facilities: 2227 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 30 No. of Employees: 31203 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8214 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi:Irritant

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
1

[ RTECS ]:
KH2975000

[ HS Code ]:
2923100000

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

2-Chloroethanol
Trimethylamine
Trimethylammonium monohydrochloride
Ethanol
Acetylcholine chloride
ETHYLENE OXIDE
Benzoylcholine Chloride
[2-(n-dodecylmethyl-tert-butylsiloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium nitrate
Bromocholine bromide

DownStream

Phosphorylcholine
2-(hydroxy-(2-methylpropoxy)phosphoryl)oxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium
1-Butene
cis-2-butene
2-butene
thf
butyrylcholine chloride
trimethyl(2-propanoyloxyethyl)azanium,chloride
1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Palmitoylcholine (chloride)

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2923100000

Articles

Choline partially prevents the impact of ethanol on the lipid raft dependent functions of l1 cell adhesion molecule.

Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 38(11) , 2722-30, (2014)

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the leading known cause of mental retardation, is caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. One mechanism of ethanol (EtOH) teratogenicity is the disruption of the ...

Pregnancy and lactation alter biomarkers of biotin metabolism in women consuming a controlled diet.

J. Nutr. 144(12) , 1977-84, (2014)

Biotin functions as a cofactor for several carboxylase enzymes with key roles in metabolism. At present, the dietary requirement for biotin is unknown and intake recommendations are provided as Adequa...

Highly efficient extraction of anthocyanins from grape skin using deep eutectic solvents as green and tunable media.

Arch. Pharm. Res. 38 , 2143-52, (2015)

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were investigated as tunable, environmentally benign, yet superior extraction media to enhance the extraction of anthocyanins from grape skin, which is usually discarded ...

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