吡啶

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C5-H5-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

79.11

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T6NJ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

891 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

28500 mg/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

866 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

866 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

360 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

950 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

420 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

880 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - change in rate Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1121 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

15 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

870 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

870 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

10 gm/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

25 mg/kg/14W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - change in clotting factors Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4200 mg/kg/28D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1 mg/m3/24H/60D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

494 mg/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TEST SYSTEM :

Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 163,23,1986 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 16 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PAREAQ Pharmacological Reviews. (Williams & Wilkins, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1,1952 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,220,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (16 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (16 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO PYRIDINE-air:10H TWA 5 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 65080 No. of Facilities: 1103 (estimated) No. of Industries: 22 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 29286 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 65080 No. of Facilities: 1558 (estimated) No. of Industries: 32 No. of Occupations: 42 No. of Employees: 42908 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 10568 (estimated)