氧化铝
氧化铝用途
用于制造人造宝石,YAG激光晶体的主要配件和集成电路基板。用作分析试剂以及高压钠灯电弧管高级陶瓷原料。
用于锻造的加热炉、均热炉等工业用的高温炉。可作密封材料和填充材料。还可作强化用补强纤维, 窑炉的炉衬,电子元件(IC板、铁氧体)的煅烧炉等。
用作催化剂和催化剂载体,是石油炼制和石油化工中主要的催化剂和载体。还用作空气及其他气体的脱湿剂,变压器油和透平油的脱酸剂。
用于稀土三基色荧光粉、长余辉荧光粉原料、亚微米/纳米级研磨材料等
用于功能陶瓷、电子陶瓷、激光材料、吸附剂、层析用等
用作分析试剂、催化剂
可用作研磨材料和耐火材料
用作干燥剂、吸附剂、催化剂载体
用作硅酸铝纤维结合剂、催化剂载体、纺织助剂等
用作催化剂载体、催化剂、粘结剂等
制药厂生产VB12作吸附剂,油漆工业中的填料,在石油工业中可作助燃剂
广泛用于生产高铝陶瓷和高档耐火材料及电子原器件、火花塞、电容器、刚玉制品、陶瓷器具、耐磨模具等
用作柱色谱吸附剂、抛光剂、硅晶切片粘合剂
用于薄层色谱分析,也用作吸附剂和催化剂载体
氧化铝名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
1344-28-1
[ 中文名 ]:
氧化铝
[ 英文名 ]:
Aluminum oxide
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- Aluminium oxide
- Aluminium oxide,neutral
- 3h-phenoxazine,actinomycindderiv.
- Aluminium oxide,acidic,Brockmann I
- actinomycin-V
- dialuminium trioxide
- Aluminum Oxide
- ACTINOMYCIN X2
- Al2O3
- Aluminium oxide,neutral,Brockmann I
氧化铝物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
3.97
[ 沸点 ]:
2980ºC
[ 熔点 ]:
2050ºC
[ 分子式 ]:
Al2O3
[ 分子量 ]:
101.961
[ 闪点 ]:
2980°C
[ 精确质量 ]:
101.947823
[ LogP ]:
0.31860
[ 外观性状 ]:
白色粉末
[ 蒸汽压 ]:
17 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
[ 折射率 ]:
1.765
[ 储存条件 ]:
-20°C
[ 水溶解性 ]:
INSOLUBLE
氧化铝MSDS
氧化铝毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- BD1200000
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 1344-28-1
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 34
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- Al2-O3
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 101.96
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- .AL2.O3
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 90 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
- REFERENCE :
- BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,173,1973
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Implant
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
- REFERENCE :
- JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,965,1981
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Implant
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
- REFERENCE :
- IARCCD IARC Scientific Publications. (Geneva, Switzerland) No.1-26, 1971-78. For publisher information, see IAPUDO. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,289,1973 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg(Al)/m3, total dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 31BYAP "Experimental Lung Cancer: Carcinogenesis and Bioassays, International Symposium, 1974," Karbe, E., and J.F. Park, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1974 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,94,1974 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD:NUISANCE PARTICULATES DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,9,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable fraction CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable fraction CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable fraction CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 4 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 20265 No. of Facilities: 40757 (estimated) No. of Industries: 267 No. of Occupations: 158 No. of Employees: 513250 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3152 No. of Facilities: 117 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 1834 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 116 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5459 No. of Facilities: 957 (estimated) No. of Industries: 27 No. of Occupations: 19 No. of Employees: 11287 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 899 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5758 No. of Facilities: 12712 (estimated) No. of Industries: 136 No. of Occupations: 69 No. of Employees: 172759 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 7087 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X9687 No. of Facilities: 1814 (estimated) No. of Industries: 30 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 27669 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2616 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 20265 No. of Facilities: 76124 (estimated) No. of Industries: 333 No. of Occupations: 188 No. of Employees: 1345787 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 147525 (estimated)
氧化铝安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS02, GHS07
[ 信号词 ]:
Danger
[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H319-H336
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P305 + P351 + P338
[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R36/37/38
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1950
[ WGK德国 ]:
-
[ RTECS号 ]:
BD1200000
[ 危险类别 ]:
2.1
[ 海关编码 ]:
2818200000
氧化铝制备
(1)其制备方法有酸法,碱法和醇铝法三种。目前国内主要采用碱法,少数厂家采用醇铝法。
酸法将硫酸铝配成6%的水溶液,加入中和槽中,再将液氨配成15%~20%的氨水,按计算量将氨水快速加入,在强烈搅拌下于室温反应40~60 min,至pH值达到8~9左右时,反应基本完成。将生成的沉淀物经压滤、用无离子水洗涤除去杂质离子,洗涤水中一般加少量氨水调节pH值为8~9,以防洗涤过程中氢氧化铝发生胶凝过程而引起物料损失。将洗涤过的沉淀物加入少量33%的硝酸溶液,在强烈搅拌下生成胶状料浆(此过程称为打浆)。再经喷雾干燥,将得到的微球形氢氧化铝挤条成型,在550℃下焙烧活化4h,即脱水形成活性氧化铝。其
(2)碱法把工业固体烧碱加水配成浓度为600 g/L的烧碱溶液,在50~80℃下加入氢氧化铝后升温至110℃,保温3 h进行反应,将所得溶液用水稀释至含氧化铝为100g/L,静置0.5~1h,经过滤,除去氢氧化铁等不溶性杂质,再将清液和20%硝酸溶液按照一定比例进行中和反应,温度控制在30~50℃下,控制pH 7~7.5,反应10 min 左右以后,再将反应液在常温搅拌下老化2h,经过滤、用无离子水多次洗涤、于110℃烘干、挤条成型、干燥、500℃活化4h,制得活性氧化铝。其
(3)醇铝法将金属铝片加入异丙醇溶液中进行反应,生成异丙醇铝,通过水蒸气鼓泡(入口温度180℃,水解温度175℃),使异丙醇铝水解,生成水合氧化铝,经熟化、过滤、于100℃干燥、500℃脱水活化,制得活性氧化铝。其
(4)高温快脱法:将氢氧化铝(水合氧化铝)经高温快速脱水、成型、水热处理及干燥后制得成品。
(5)炭化铝胶法:将氢氧化铝和氢氧化钠混合,再经中和、二氧化碳碳化、水洗、压滤、干燥、粉碎、捏合、挤条、干燥、煅烧等过程制得成品。
(6)喷雾干燥法:将氢氧化铝与工业硫酸反应,再经碱液中和、水洗、喷雾干燥、煅烧等过程制得成品。
(7)油柱成型法:将铝锭用工业盐酸溶解,再经油柱成球、水洗、干燥、煅烧等过程制得成品。
制备过程中各种条件,特别是沉淀条件对产品的晶型、表面积、孔结构等影响很大,一般地,低温、低 pH 值下易得到无定形氢氧化铝及拟薄水铝石,高 pH 值易生成三水铝石。拟薄水铝石在 430~500℃下,煅烧得到γ-Al2O3,β三水铝石在 300℃煅烧得到 η-Al2O3。
图XIII-14 氢氧化铝的脱水途径
(8)高纯铵明矾热解法以硫酸铝、硫酸铵为原料合成铵明矾(硫酸铝铵),经脱水、热解生成氧化铝,再经转相制得γ-,α-氧化铝。
利用有机铝化合物聚合生成黏稠的聚铝氧烷溶液,将聚铝氧烷溶液进行干式纺丝,得到有机铝化合物纤维,再经煅烧制得氧化铝纤维。
使有机铝化合物聚合,生成黏稠的聚铝氧烷溶液,将其利用普通的干式纺丝法,制成有机铝化合物纤维。再经煅烧制得氧化铝纤维。
9.制法 方法1.用蒸馏水溶解结晶硫酸铝,然后在不断搅拌下慢慢加入硫酸铵溶液,制得硫酸铝铵:
然后加热至100~200℃,除去结晶水后,研成粉末进行高温灼烧,开始在800℃ 灼烧,然后升温至1250~1300℃灼烧4h,冷却后即得氧化铝:
氧化铝海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 2818200000
氧化铝文献
Food Chem. 194 , 749-57, (2015)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a worldwide consumed plant, principally after infusion of its dried sepals and calyces, which are usually discarded. Nevertheless, they represent a potential source of natura...
A simple method for the determination of organochlorine pollutants and the enantiomers in oil seeds based on matrix solid-phase dispersion.Food Chem. 194 , 319-24, (2015)
A simple, rapid and effective method was developed based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) for the determination of organochlorine pollutants including sixteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) a...
Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants.Mar. Pollut. Bull. 96 , 165-75, (2015)
Low pg levels of PBDD/Fs in 0.8-38.9 pg g(-1) (fat) range (mean 14.2 pg g(-1)) observed in the tested cod liver samples were significantly lower than levels of their chlorinated analogues (25.1-95.9 r...
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