肼

肼用途

【用途一】
用于制造异烟肼、照相显影药剂、喷气式发动机燃料、火箭燃料、抗氧剂、还原剂、高压锅炉给水脱氧剂等
【用途二】
用作火箭燃料。高压锅炉水处理时用以脱除二氧化碳和氧气以防止腐蚀。农业上用作植物生长抑制剂，也用于烟草、土豆、玉米等的贮藏。医药上用于制异菸肼。另外，还用于尼龙、环氧树脂以及食用盐酸的制造，也用作再生催化剂、除草剂和燃料电池。
【用途三】
肼是一种应用广泛的化工原料。具有很高的燃烧热，可用作火箭和燃料电池的燃料。肼是一种强还原剂，可用来去除锅水和热水加热系统中的氧，以减少腐蚀。在肼的分子中，由于有两个亲核的氮和四个可供置换的氢，帮可以合成各种衍生动物，基中包括塑料发泡剂、抗氧剂、各种聚合物、聚合物交联剂和链延长剂、农药、除草剂、植物生长调节剂和药品等。肼极毒。小鼠口服LD50为59mg/kg，静脉注射LD50为57mg/kg。

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肼名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
302-01-2

[ 中文名 ]:
肼

[ 英文名 ]:
HYDRAZINE

[中文别名 ]:

联氨

[英文别名 ]:

Diamine
Hydrazines
HYDRAZINE
Hydrazine solution
Levoxine
Oxytreat 35
EINECS 206-114-9
Nitrogen hydride
Hydrazine base
MFCD00011417

肼物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.011

[ 沸点 ]:
113.5ºC at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
14ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
H₄N₂

[ 分子量 ]:
32.04520

[ 闪点 ]:
-4 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
32.03740

[ PSA ]:
52.04000

[ LogP ]:
0.21940

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色冒烟的和吸湿的液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
>1 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
5 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.47(lit.)

[ 储存条件 ]:
2-8°C

肼MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

肼毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MU7175000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Hydrazine

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 302-01-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 108

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: H4-N2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 32.06

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 570 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 59 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 53500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 59 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 252 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 62 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 57 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 96 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 16500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 91 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 38500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 190 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/24H/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 ppm/6H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/m3/4H/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/24H/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 ppm/6H/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 ppm/6H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - muscle weakness Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/24H/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 ppm/6H/14W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Endocrine - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 900 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Endocrine - thyroid tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1951 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - colon tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 ppm/6H/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 4 mg/m3/2H

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

DOSE :: 50 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 50 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 30 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 30 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 80 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 11-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 48 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 80 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: male 1 year(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TEST SYSTEM :: Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :: BBACAQ Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 174,591,1969 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.013 mg/m3 (0.01 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,127,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,223,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,223,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,199,1954 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN. Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,135,1971 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,127,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.1 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.13 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.13 mg/m3);STEL 0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.1 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.13 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.1 mg/m3);STEL 0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.13 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HYDRAZINES-air:CA CL 0.03 ppm/120M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 38110 No. of Facilities: 2134 (estimated) No. of Industries: 37 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 11185 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 38110 No. of Facilities: 2515 (estimated) No. of Industries: 44 No. of Occupations: 46 No. of Employees: 60490 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2841 (estimated)

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肼安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H302 + H332-H315-H317-H319-H335-H350-H410

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
May form explosive peroxides.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P210-P280-P308 + P313-P370 + P378-P403 + P235

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T: Toxic;N: Dangerous for the environment;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R45;R23/24/25;R34;R43;R50/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
53-26-45-61-60-36/37/39

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3293

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
MU7175000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

肼制备

1.肼的工业生产一直沿用拉希法。1981年10月，法国于吉纳-库尔曼公司研究成功亚胺过氧化氢氧化法，这是一个很有前途的生产方法。拉希法以氨和次氯酸钠为原料，经氯化和胺化制得肼：氨与次氯酸钠按1：3(摩尔比)导入反应器，反应获得氯胺。氯胺再与无水氨在肼反应器反应生成肼。可以采用尿素为原料，在高锰酸钾催化剂存在下，尿素和次氯酸钠-氢氧化钠溶液反应制得肼(见水合肼，[7803-57-8])。

2.脱水剂法将烧碱和50%～54%的水合肼(质量比为10：8)混合，逐渐通入氮气以除空气，加热至碱液温度近118℃，待烧碱完全溶解后，冷却到60℃左右，进行真空蒸馏至蒸馏液含肼量90%～94%，再经分馏、除去水分后，冷凝，制得98%～99．5%的无水肼。

3.萃取脱水法将水合肼溶液分馏蒸出水，直至水、肼达共沸(68%肼)，将溶液二次分馏，加入苯胺以改变其沸点，将苯胺和水蒸出，从水中冷凝回收的苯胺可返回循环使用，二次分馏液再经三次分馏，制得无水肼。

4.尿素法　将次氯酸钠与氢氧化钠按一定比例混合配成溶液，边搅拌边加入尿素及少量高锰酸钾的混合液，直接通蒸汽加热至103～104℃进行氧化反应。反应液经蒸馏、分馏、真空浓缩得40%联氨，再经烧碱脱水减压蒸馏得80%联氨。其工艺流程见图7-1。

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肼文献

Graphene oxide nanosheet wrapped white-emissive conjugated polymer nanoparticles.

ACS Nano 8(5) , 4248-56, (2014)

We have demonstrated the preparation of white-emissive conjugated polymer nanoparticles wrapped with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Highly stable, GO-wrapped, poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) n...

Graphene modified glassy carbon sensor for the determination of aspirin metabolites in human biological samples.

Talanta 143 , 328-34, (2015)

A graphene modified glassy carbon (GR/GCE) sensor has been developed for the determination of aspirin metabolites 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (2,3- and 2,5-DHB). The modified sensor was charac...

Evaluation of Graphene as a Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel in Food Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

J. AOAC Int. 98 , 822-7, (2015)

A sensitive and low cost SPE method for the extraction, preconcentration, and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of nickel at ng/mL levels is described. Parameters governing the extra...

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