乙醛_MSDS_用途_密度_乙醛CAS号【75-07-0】

【用途一】
主要用于制备醋酸、醋酐、丁醛、辛醇、季戊四醇、三聚乙醛等重要的化工原料
【用途二】
用作还原剂及杀菌剂
【用途三】
主要用于制备醋酸、醋酐、乙酸乙酯、丁醇、季戊四醇、三聚乙醛、3-羟基丁醛、三氯乙醛等产品
【用途四】
GB 2760—1996规定为暂时允许使用的食用香料。主要用于配制柑橘、苹果、奶油等型香精。
【用途五】
乙醛的最大用户是乙酸行业，丁醇、辛醇过去也是乙醛的重要衍生产品，现在已基本为丙烯羰基合成法代替。乙醛的其他消费领域是生产季戊四醇、过乙酸、吡啶及其衍生物。国内生产的乙醛基本上都作为生产乙酸的中间体，只有少量用于生产季戊四醇、丁醇、三氯乙醛、三羟甲基丙烷等产品。乙醛可用于生产缩醛、巴豆醛、过氧乙酸、羟基丙腈、三氯乙醛、乙酸乙酯、季戊四醇、乙酐、乙酸、乙二醛、苯基丙烯醛、乙缩醛、甲乙胺、二乙胺、α-丙氨酸、吡啶、α-甲基吡啶、β-甲基吡啶、γ-甲基吡啶。

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[ 密度 ]:
0.7±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
18.6±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-123 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₄O

[ 分子量 ]:
44.053

[ 闪点 ]:
-40.0±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
44.026215

[ PSA ]:
17.07000

[ LogP ]:
-0.16

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.03 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
964.5±0.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.315

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
> 500 g/L (20 ºC)

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AB1925000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetaldehyde

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-07-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199804

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 117

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H4-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 44.06

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: VH1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 134 ppm/30M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 661 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13300 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 640 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 23 gm/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 560 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3540 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 17000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 96 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 20100 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 18900 mg/kg/4W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - fluid intake Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2217 ppm/6H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 12600 mg/kg/9W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - other changes Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 4560 ppm/6H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 735 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 2040 ppm/7H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1410 ppm/6H/65W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 4800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5040 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5040 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 50 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - homeostasis

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 640 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 4 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TEST SYSTEM :: Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,115,1978 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 45 mg/m3 (25 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,101,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,101,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,77,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,10,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (45 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (135 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 25 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (45 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETALDEHYDE-air:CA (18 ppm LOQ) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 01038 No. of Facilities: 85 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 1745 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 01038 No. of Facilities: 7801 (estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 95 No. of Employees: 216533 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 97770 (estimated)

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[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H224-H319-H335-H351

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
May form explosive peroxides.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P281-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12;R36/37;R40

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S36/37-S33-S16-S26

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1198 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
LP8925000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2912120000

乙醛上游产品

乙醛下游产品

乙醛有多种生产方法：

1.乙烯直接氧化法　乙烯和氧气通过含有氯化钯、氯化铜、盐酸及水的催化剂，一步直接氧化合成粗乙醛，然后经蒸馏得成品。

2.乙醇氧化法　乙醇蒸气在300-480℃下，以银、铜或银-铜合金的网或粒作催化剂，由空气氧化脱氢制得乙醛。

3.乙炔直接水合法　乙炔和水在汞催化剂或非汞催化剂作用下，直接水合得到乙醛。因有汞害问题，已逐渐为他法取代。

4.乙醇脱氢法　在添加钴、铬、锌或其他化合物的铜催化剂作用下，乙醇脱氢生产乙醛。

5.饱和烃类氧化法。

原料消耗定额：乙炔水合法每吨产品消耗99%乙炔610kg；乙醇氧化法消耗95%乙醇1200kg；乙烯氧化法（一步法）消耗99%乙烯710kg，氧气（99%）300立方米。市售工业品乙醛，乙烯法乙醛纯度为99.7%，乙醇法纯度为98%。

6.制法：

于装有分馏装置（接受瓶用冰浴冷却，以减少乙醛的挥发损失）的反应瓶中，加入多聚乙醛（2）50g，浓硫酸0.5mol，几粒沸石。慢慢加热，注意不要使分馏柱顶端的温度过于32℃。反应应缓慢的进行，因为乙醛和多聚乙醛可形成共沸物，bp42℃（摩尔比为乙醛：多聚乙醛=53.4:46.6）。大部分的乙醛（1）于21～25℃蒸出。当反应瓶中大约剩余10mL时停止蒸馏（若蒸馏至干有爆炸的危险）。这样制备的乙醛能满足大多数用途。若需要纯度更高的乙醛，可重新进行分馏，收集21℃的馏分。

7.制法：

于装有通气导管、滴液漏斗、蒸馏装置（接受瓶可用两个依次相连的洗气瓶，内盛乙醚，并用冰盐浴冷却）的反应瓶中，加入乙醇（2）135mL（约2mol），加入1/3体积的由150mL浓硫酸与250mL水配成的稀硫酸。通入二氧化碳气体，加热至沸。将另外2/3体积的硫酸用100mL水稀释后，加入200g重铬酸钠，搅拌溶解，滴加此溶液至反应物中，反应放热。生成的乙醛不断被二氧化碳气流带出，乙醛溶于乙醚中。约30min滴完，而后继续通二氧化碳10min。得到乙醛的乙醚溶液。乙醛不能从其乙醚溶液中蒸馏出来。若得到纯的乙醛，可按如下方法进行：将乙醛的乙醚溶液用冰水浴冷却，慢慢通入干燥的氮气，不断摇动。其间析出乙醛胺结晶，直至析出完全^①。抽滤，无水乙醚洗涤，干燥，得乙醛胺（3）55g。于装有通气导管、滴液漏斗、蒸馏装置（接受瓶用冰盐浴冷却）的反应瓶中，加入化合物（3），用50mL水溶解，通入二氧化碳气体，水浴加热，滴加由60mL浓硫酸和80mL水配成的稀硫酸，生成的乙醛不断蒸出，约30min滴完，乙醛的沸点21℃。注：①取少量透明液，通入氮气至饱和，若无沉淀析出，则表明反应结束。

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[ 海关编码 ]: 2912120000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2912120000 乙醛。监管条件:X(有毒化学品环境管理放行通知单)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 四聚甲醛报明外观

[ 监管条件 ]: X.有毒化学品环境管理放行通知单

[ Summary ]:
2912120000 acetaldehyde。supervision conditions:x(environment control release notice for poisonous chemicals)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:5.5%。general tariff:30.0%

Mouse aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3B2 is localized to lipid droplets via two C-terminal tryptophan residues and lipid modification.

Biochem. J. 465(1) , 79-87, (2015)

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) catalyse the conversion of toxic aldehydes into non-toxic carboxylic acids. Of the 21 ALDHs in mice, it is the ALDH3 family members (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2 ...

Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains.

Food Chem. 179 , 116-26, (2015)

The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red win...

Protein enrichment of an Opuntia ficus-indica cladode hydrolysate by cultivation of Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus.

J. Sci. Food Agric. 95(5) , 1094-102, (2015)

The cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear cactus) have a low protein content; for use as a balanced feed, supplementation with other protein sources is therefore desirable. We investigated pr...

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