毒理学数据:
1.急性毒性
LD50:661mg/kg(大鼠经口)
LC50:13300ppm(大鼠吸入,4h)
2.刺激性
家兔经皮:500mg,轻度刺激(开放性刺激试验)
家兔经眼:40mg,重度刺激。
3.亚急性与慢性毒性 大鼠、豚鼠经口给予100mg/kg可以耐受6个月,出现反射活动障碍,动脉压升高;经口给予10mg/kg,2~3个月也可引起同样的改变。
4.致突变性 微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门菌7880μg/皿。姐妹染色单体交换:人淋巴细胞40μmol/L。DNA损伤:人淋巴细胞1560μmol/L。DNA抑制:人HeLa细胞10mmol/L。姐妹染色单体交换:人淋巴细胞1200μmol/L。
5.致畸性 大、小鼠孕后不同时间经口或腹腔内给予最低中毒剂量(TDLo),致呼吸系统、肝胆管系统、中枢神经系统、内分泌系统、泌尿生殖系统、肌肉骨骼系统、颅面部(包括鼻、舌)发育畸形。
6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论:G2B,可疑人类致癌物。
7.其他 小鼠静脉最低中毒剂量(TDLo):120mg/kg(孕后7~9d用药),胚泡植入后死亡率增高,对胎鼠有毒性。
生态学数据:
1.生态毒性
LC50:37.2mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼);53mg/L(96h)(蓝鳃太阳鱼)
EC50:42mg/L(48h)(水蚤);30.8mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼)
2.生物降解性 MITI-I测试,初始浓度100ppm,污泥浓度30ppm,2周后降解80%。
3.非生物降解性 空气中,当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×105个/cm3时,降解半衰期为24h(理论)。
大气中光解半衰期8.4~16h
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
-
AB1925000
-
CHEMICAL NAME :
-
Acetaldehyde
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
-
75-07-0
-
LAST UPDATED :
-
199804
-
DATA ITEMS CITED :
-
117
-
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
-
C2-H4-O
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
-
44.06
-
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
-
VH1
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Standard Draize test
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration into the eye
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Open irritation test
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Standard Draize test
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration into the eye
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
134 ppm/30M
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
661 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
13300 ppm/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
500 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
640 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
900 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
23 gm/m3/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
500 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
560 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
3540 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1200 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
300 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - hamster
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
17000 ppm/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intratracheal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - hamster
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
96 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Amphibian - frog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
800 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - species unspecified
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
20100 mg/m3
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
18900 mg/kg/4W-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - fluid intake Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2217 ppm/6H/4W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
12600 mg/kg/9W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Endocrine - other changes Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - hamster
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
4560 ppm/6H/90D-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
735 ppm/6H/2Y-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - hamster
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2040 ppm/7H/52W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1410 ppm/6H/65W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
4800 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-20 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
5040 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
5040 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
DOSE :
-
300 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8-13 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
DOSE :
-
50 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 12 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
DOSE :
-
100 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 12 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - homeostasis
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
DOSE :
-
400 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8-15 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
DOSE :
-
600 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8-15 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
DOSE :
-
640 ug/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 10 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
DOSE :
-
120 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 7-9 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
DOSE :
-
4 gm/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 6 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Specific locus test
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
DNA damage
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Micronucleus test
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sister chromatid exchange
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sister chromatid exchange
MUTATION DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
DNA damage
-
TEST SYSTEM :
-
Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
-
REFERENCE :
-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,115,1978 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 45 mg/m3 (25 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,101,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,101,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,77,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,10,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (45 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (135 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 25 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (45 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETALDEHYDE-air:CA (18 ppm LOQ) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 01038 No. of Facilities: 85 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 1745 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 01038 No. of Facilities: 7801 (estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 95 No. of Employees: 216533 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 97770 (estimated)
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