7440-50-8

• 常用中文名：铜粉
• 常用英文名：Copper
• CAS号：7440-50-8
• 分子式：Cu
• 分子量：63.545
• 相关类别： 无机化工 单质
• 发布时间：2018-02-03 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 13:02:23
• 【用途一】
  用作冶炼、电解铜的原料
  【用途二】
  用于粉末冶金零件、金刚石锯片、摩擦材料、电碳制品和化工触媒等
  【用途三】
  主要用于制导电器材和合金(青铜、黄铜、白铜等)
  【用途四】
  用作分析试剂、催化剂、还原剂
  【用途五】
  主要用于炼铜工业的原料
  【用途六】
  用作普通试剂、催化剂及还原剂
  【用途七】
  用作教学试剂
  【用途八】
  为电子工业用材料，用作高纯分析试剂。
  【用途九】
  供制造化学用具、电力用具、建筑材料和其他工业装置及用具。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置；评价方法；工作标准；质量保证/质量控制；其他。
  【用途十】
  试剂、合金、电镀。

名称

• 中文名: 铜
• 英文名: copper atom
• 中文别名: 线状铜; 铜离子; 铜粉/铜片/高纯铜/纳米铜粉; 电解铜粉; 铜标液,铜标样; 超细球形铜粉; 水质铜标样; 铜箔; 铜粉
• 英文别名: MFCD00239961; Cu(II); m3s; cda122; cda110; m3r; copper(2+) ion; cda102; cda101; copper(II) cation; Cu++; Copper (II); Copper(2+); COPPER (II) ION; EINECS 231-159-6; cum3; ce1110; copper(II); Cu+2; Copper

物化性质

• 密度: 8.92
• 沸点: 2580 °C
• 熔点: 1083.4 °C(lit.)
• 分子式: Cu
• 分子量: 63.545
• 闪点: -23 °C
• 精确质量: 62.928505
• 外观性状: wire
• 储存条件:

  储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。应与氧化剂、酸类、卤素分开存放，切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。

• 稳定性: 1.外围电子排布3d ¹⁰4s ¹，位于第四周期IB族。原子半径127.8皮米，Cu2+半径72皮米，第一电离能为750kJ/mol，电负性1.9，常见氧化数+1、+2。有良好的延展性和传热、导电性。化学性质不很活泼，在干燥空气中稳定，在含有二氧化碳的潮湿空气中易生成碱式碳酸铜，俗称铜绿(Cu ₂(OH) ₂CO ₃)。 2.应避免与强酸、强氧化剂、卤素接触。 3.溶于硝酸，热浓硫酸，极缓慢溶于盐酸、氨水、稀硫酸，亦溶于醋酸和其他有机酸，不溶于冷水和热水。露置空气中变暗，在潮湿空气中表面逐渐形成绿色碱式碳酸盐。 4.生产人员要穿防护工作服，戴口罩、防尘眼镜，生产设备要密闭，车间通风良好，工作下班后要洗淋浴。金属铜易溶于硝酸等氧化性酸，若无氧化剂或适宜配位试剂存在，则不溶于非氧化性酸。遇碱易被侵蚀。在干燥空气中稳定，但在潮湿空气中表面生成绿色的碱式碳酸铜。
• 水溶解性: insoluble
• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:0

  3.氢键受体数量:0

  4.可旋转化学键数量:0

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

  7.重原子数量:1

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:0

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1. 性状：略带红色的金属(面心立方晶系)，富延展性。是热、电的良导体(仅次于银)。

  2. 密度（g/mL,20℃）8.94

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：1083.4

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：2595

  6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：700（粉云）

  11. 蒸气压（mmHg, ºC）：未确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa, ºC）：未确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性：不溶于稀盐酸和稀硫酸，溶于硝酸和热浓硫酸，能溶于氨水和氰化钾溶液并生成配合物。

MSDS

ＣＡＳ: 7440-50-8 中文名称: 铜 英文名称: Copper 分子式: Cu 分子量: 63.55 熔 点: 1083℃ 密 度: 相对密度(水=1)8.92 溶解性: 不溶于水，溶于碱、盐酸、硫酸 稳定性: 稳定 外观与性状: 带有红色光泽的金属 用 途: 供制造化学用具、电力用具、建筑材料和其他工业装置及用具 0.005 I类 0.05 II类 2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入。健康危害：动物吸入铜的粉尘和烟雾，可引起呼吸道刺激症状，发生支气管炎或支气管肺炎，甚至肺水肿。长期接触铜尘的工人常发生接触性皮炎和鼻眼的刺激症状，引起烟痛、鼻塞、鼻炎、咳嗽等症状。铜熔炼工人可发生铜铸造热。长期吸入尚可引起肺部纤维组织增生。铜的毒性较小，但铜过剩出可引起中毒。铜盐的毒性以CuAc2和CuSO4较大，经口服即使微量也会引起急性中毒，发生流涎、恶心、呕吐、阵发性腹痛，严重者可有头痛、心跳迟缓、呼吸困难甚至虚脱，也可引起中枢神经系统的损害。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 急性毒性：属微毒类。铜的污染来源为冶金、电镀、催化、仪表、合金和化工等的废水和废渣。自然界的铜化合物以一价或二价状态存在。一价铜多存在于矿物中，有氧化亚铜形式和硫化亚铜形式。环境中的铜主要以二价铜离子存在，二价铜可和无机配位体NH3、CO32-、HCO3-、SO42-形成络合物。 迁移转化：利用含铜废水灌溉农田或施用含铜污泥，铜可积蓄在土壤中。随水进入到土壤中的铜可被土壤吸持。土壤中的腐殖酸、富里酸含 有羧基、酚基、羰基等含氧基团，能与铜形成螯合物而固定铜。 危险特性：其粉体遇高温、明火能燃烧。 燃烧(分解)产物：氧化铜。 3.现场应急监测方法: 试纸法；速测管法；化学测试组法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编便携式比色计（意大利哈纳公司产品） 4.实验室监测方法: 原子吸收法(GB7475-87，水质)原子吸收法(GB/T15555.2-95，固体废物浸出液)原子吸收法《空气和废气监测分析方法》国家环保局编 5.环境标准: 中国(GB5749-85) 生活饮用水水质标准 1.0mg/L 中国(GB5048-92) 农田灌溉水持标准 旱作 1.0mg/L(总铜) 中国(GB11607-89) 渔业水质标准 0.01mg/L 中国(GB15618-1995) 土壤环境质量标准(mg/kg) 一级35；二级50～100；三级400(农田等) 二级150～200；三级400(果园) 中国(4284-84) 农用污泥污染物控制标准 250mg/kg干污泥(酸性土壤) 500mg/kg干污泥(中、碱性土壤) 中国(GB5058.3-1996) 固体废弃物浸出毒性鉴别标准值 50mg/L 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，切断火源。应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿一般消防防护服。避免扬尘，使用无火花工具收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中，转移回收。当水体受到污染时，可采用加入纯碱中和，使铜以碱式碳酸铜形式沉淀而从水中转入污泥中，而污泥再做进一步的无害化处理。对于受铜污染的土壤，可采取排土、土层改良、深耕、施加石灰质矿物及磷酸钙等措施治理。 二、防护措施 一般不需特殊防护，但需防止烟尘危害。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。就医。眼睛接触：立即翻开上下眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。就医。食入：误服者立即漱口，饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。 灭火方法：干粉、砂土。禁止用水。

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 对皮肤有刺激作用。粉尘刺激眼睛，并引起角膜溃疡。 生态学数据: 水中嗅觉阈浓度: 水中浓度为 3-5mg/L，使水变味。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : GL5325000 CHEMICAL NAME : Copper CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7440-50-8 LAST UPDATED : 199712 DATA ITEMS CITED : 78 MOLECULAR FORMULA : Cu MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 63.54 HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 120 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting REFERENCE : PHRPA6 Public Health Reports. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1878- Volume(issue)/page/year: 73,910,1958 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 3500 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2A,1623,1981 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intrapleural SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors REFERENCE : AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,836,1980 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 152 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 22 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System REFERENCE : GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45(3),8,1980 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 1520 ug/kg SEX/DURATION : female 22 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system REFERENCE : GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45(3),8,1980 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 1210 ug/kg SEX/DURATION : female 35 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) REFERENCE : GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(8),30,1977 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intrauterine DOSE : 250 ug/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1 day(s) pre-mating REFERENCE : IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,1124,1981 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 1 mg(Cu)/m3, dust, mist DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.2 mg(Cu)/m3, fume DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW TRBMAV Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. (Galveston, TX) V.1-41(2), 1943-81/82. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,85,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW QURBAW Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. (Cambridge Univ. Press, The Edinburgh Bldg., Shaftesbury Rd., Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,75,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JAVMA4 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (American Veterinary Medical Assoc., 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196) V.48- 1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 164,277,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW IJMDAI Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. (POB 1435, Jerusalem 91013, Israel) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,416,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW KOTTAM Kogai to Taisaku. Journal of Environmental Pollution Control. (Kogai Taisaku Gijutsu Dokokai, Shuwa-Akasaka Bldg., 9-1-244, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107, Japan) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1300,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher information, see JFDSAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,313,1942 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MIBUBI Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni. Bulletin of Microbiology. (c/o Dr. A. Tevfik Cenqiz, Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dah, Ankara, Turkey) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,321,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,102,1969 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77 Volume(issue)/page/year: Cu,41,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMTODM Advances in Modern Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1, 1976-79. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,209,1977 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume,dusts & mists) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,59,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Cu)/m3, fume CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 mg(Cu)/m3, dusts and mists CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Cu)/m3, fume CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 mg(Cu)/m3, dusts and mists CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Cu)/m3, fume CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 mg(Cu)/m3, dusts and mists CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3, fume CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 mg/m3, dusts and mists CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 2 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 0.2 mg/m3;STEL 0.4 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 02 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 mg/m3 (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1.0 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) (dust) JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO COPPER, dusts and mists-air:10H TWA 1 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO COPPER, fume-air:10H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M2276 No. of Facilities: 1213 (estimated) No. of Industries: 27 No. of Occupations: 35 No. of Employees: 24737 (estimated) NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 20115 No. of Facilities: 12177 (estimated) No. of Industries: 176 No. of Occupations: 105 No. of Employees: 224406 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5915 No. of Facilities: 162 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 11889 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 421 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5983 No. of Facilities: 4558 (estimated) No. of Industries: 51 No. of Occupations: 45 No. of Employees: 53282 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8758 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6807 No. of Facilities: 16 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 625 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X8588 No. of Facilities: 204 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 9443 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 20115 No. of Facilities: 59839 (estimated) No. of Industries: 296 No. of Occupations: 158 No. of Employees: 920449 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 72821 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS02, GHS09
• 信号词: Danger
• 危害声明: H228-H410
• 警示性声明: P210-P273
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
• 危害码 (欧洲): F:Flammable
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R11
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S5-S26-S16-S61-S62-S36/37
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: GL5325000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 4.1
• 海关编码: 7402000090

制备

1.电解法以金属铜为原料，溶解于浓硫酸。配成电解液组成为：含Cu52.3 g/L、H2SO4约200 g/L，电解液温度58.5℃，槽电压0.33 V，阴极电流密度1.82 A/cm²。经电解精炼，制得高纯铜粉成品。

2.将硝酸铜进行重结晶、干燥，并在800～850℃下灼烧以除去氮的氧化物。然后，把制得的氧化铜放入管式炉内的瓷皿中，并在250～300℃的条件下用氢气进行还原。用此法制得的铜呈粉红色粉末状，在较高温度(800～900℃)时，铜可黏结起来，而得到海绵状物质。

3.向硫酸铜的浓溶液中放入过量的锌棒、锌块或锌粉，通过置换反应使铜析出。当溶液褪色后，回收未起反应的锌，同时用加热到60～70℃的稀硫酸或稀盐酸浸泡含锌残渣的沉淀铜。在锌被完全溶解后，将沉淀铜转移至过滤器上，然后用稀盐酸、水洗涤，最后用乙醇洗涤，并在40～50℃的条件下将铜烘干。这一制法中也可用铁或铝来替代锌。

4.粉末状氧化铜，在管式炉中于135～150℃下通氢气还原，直至黑色氧化铜转变为玫瑰色铜粉为止。
停止加热，继续通氢气冷却，即可制得成品。若要制取在空气中相当稳定的粘结体，还原温度要控制在500～520℃

5.先将工业铜用稀硝酸 （ 或稀硫酸）和蒸馏水洗去表面污物，然后用硝酸 （ 或硫酸）溶解，作为电解液，采用较纯铜片作为阴极，电流密度控制在120A/m2，电解产物根据产品要求，可以经水洗、酸洗、脱水、干燥。

海关

海关编码	7402000090