12028-48-7

• 常用中文名：钨酸铵水合物
• 常用英文名：ammonium metatungstate
• CAS号：12028-48-7
• 分子式：H₂₄N₆O₁₂W₃
• 分子量：851.74400
• 相关类别： 无机化工 氧化物和过氧化物 金属氧化物
• 发布时间：2018-02-24 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-07 12:55:29

• 用它制钨催化剂，广泛用于石油加氢裂解、润滑油加氢、脱硫、脱氮；还用于各种金属制品表面涂层、硬质合金等。

名称

• 中文名: 氧化铵钨水合物
• 英文名: Ammonium Tungsten Oxide Hydrate
• 中文别名: 氧化钨铵
• 英文别名: hexaazanium,hydroxy-[(oxido(dioxo)tungstenio)oxy-dioxotungstenio]oxy-dioxotungsten,hydroxy-[[(oxido(dioxo)tungstenio)oxy-dioxotungstenio]oxy-dioxotungstenio]oxy-dioxotungsten,tungsten,trihydroxide,hydrate; EINECS 234-733-4; MFCD00042673; Ammonium tungsten oxide hydrate

物化性质

• 熔点: 100ºC (dec.)(lit.)
• 分子式: H₂₄N₆O₁₂W₃
• 分子量: 851.74400
• 精确质量: 851.99800
• PSA: 240.78000
• LogP: 0.83160
• 外观性状: Powder | white
• 储存条件:

  常温密闭，阴凉通风干燥处

• 稳定性:

  常温常压下稳定

  避免光，明火，高温。易溶于水，不溶于醇，水溶液呈弱酸性。

• 水溶解性: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless | Soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol.
• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:13

  3.氢键受体数量:40

  4.可旋转化学键数量:13

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积589

  7.重原子数量:58

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:2100

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:14

• 更多:

  1. 性状：偏钨酸铵为白色结晶粉末

  2. 溶解性：易溶于水，不溶于醇

MSDS

Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Ammonium metatungstate Common Name/ Trade Name Ammonium metatungstate Section 4. First Aid Measures Eye ContactCheck for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention if irritation occurs. Skin ContactWash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Cold water may be used. Serious Skin ContactNot available. InhalationIf inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. Serious InhalationNot available. IngestionDo NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Serious IngestionNot available. Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data Flammability of the Product Non-flammable. Auto-Ignition Temperature Not applicable. Flash PointsNot applicable. Flammable LimitsNot applicable. Not available. Products of Combustion Fire Hazards in Presence of Not applicable. Various Substances Explosion Hazards in Presence Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. of Various SubstancesRisks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available. Fire Fighting MediaNot applicable. and Instructions Special Remarks onNot available. Fire Hazards Special Remarks on Explosion Not available. Hazards Section 6. Accidental Release Measures Small SpillUse appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements. Large Spill Isolate spill area and provide ventilation. Vacuum up spill using a HEPA air filter or use a shovel to pick up the spilled material and place material in a closed container for proper disposal. Take care not to raise dust. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities. Ammonium metatungstate Section 7. Handling and Storage PrecautionsDo not breathe dust. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, alkalis. StorageKeep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Engineering ControlsUse process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit. Personal ProtectionSafety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Personal Protection in Case of Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used a Large Spillto avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product. TWA: 5 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] Exposure Limits TWA: 1 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Physical state and appearance Solid. (Crystalline powder. Powdered solid.)OdorOdorless. TasteNot available. Molecular Weight2938.41 g/mole ColorWhite. pH (1% soln/water)Not available. Not available. Boiling Point Melting PointNot available. Not available. Critical Temperature Specific Gravity4 (Water = 1) Vapor PressureNot applicable. Vapor DensityNot available. VolatilityNot available. Not available. Odor Threshold Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.Not available. Ionicity (in Water)Not available. Dispersion PropertiesSee solubility in water. SolubilityPartially soluble in cold water. Insoluble in methanol, n-octanol. Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data StabilityThe product is stable. Not available. Instability Temperature Conditions of InstabilityIncompatible materials, dust generation Incompatibility with variousReactive with oxidizing agents, alkalis. substances CorrosivityNon-corrosive in presence of glass. Ammonium metatungstate Special Remarks onAlso incompatible with halogens. ReactivityStrong bases may release ammonia gas Special Remarks onNot available. Corrosivity PolymerizationWill not occur. Section 11. Toxicological Information Routes of EntryInhalation. Ingestion. Toxicity to AnimalsLD50: Not available. LC50: Not available. Chronic Effects on Humans May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys. Other Toxic Effects onHazardous in case of ingestion. HumansSlightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of inhalation. Special Remarks on Not available. Toxicity to Animals Special Remarks onNot available. Chronic Effects on Humans Special Remarks on otherAcute Potential Health Effects: Toxic Effects on HumansSkin: May cause mild irritation of the skin with redness, and itching. Eyes: May cause mild irritation of the eyes with redness, itching, watering. Inhalation: May cause irritation to th enose, mucous membranes and respiratory tract with sneezing, dry throat, and coughing. Ingestion: Tungstate compounds may cause changes in body weight and behavior. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Skin: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause dermatitis. Ingestion: Prolonged or repeated ingestion of large doses may cause kidney damage Section 12. Ecological Information EcotoxicityNot available. BOD5 and CODNot available. Products of BiodegradationPossibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise. Toxicity of the ProductsThe products of degradation are as toxic as the original product. of Biodegradation Not available. Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation Section 13. Disposal Considerations Waste DisposalWaste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. Ammonium metatungstate Section 14. Transport Information DOT ClassificationNot a DOT controlled material (United States). IdentificationNot applicable. Not applicable. Special Provisions for Transport DOT (Pictograms) Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms TSCA 8(b) inventory: Ammonium metatungstate Federal and State Regulations CaliforniaCalifornia prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. Proposition 65 Warnings California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause birth defects which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. Other RegulationsOSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. WHMIS (Canada) Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada). Other Classifications DSCL (EEC)This product is not classified according Not applicable. to the EU regulations. Health Hazard HMIS (U.S.A.)2 National Fire Protection 0 Flammability 0 Association (U.S.A.) Fire Hazard 2 0 Reactivity Health Reactivity 0 Specific hazard Personal Protection E WHMIS (Canada) (Pictograms) DSCL (Europe) (Pictograms) TDG (Canada) (Pictograms) ADR (Europe) (Pictograms) Ammonium metatungstate Protective Equipment Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 主要的刺激性影响： 在皮肤上面：可能引起发炎； 在眼睛上面：可能引起发炎； 致敏作用：没有已知的敏化现象。 生态学数据: 通常对水体是稍微有害的，不要将未稀释或大量产品接触地下水，水道或污水系统，未经政府许可勿将材料排入周围环境。

安全

• 危害码 (欧洲): Xn: Harmful;
• 风险声明 (欧洲): 22-41-52/53
• 安全声明 (欧洲): 26-39-60
• WGK德国: 2

制备

中和法以仲偏钨酸铵和硝酸为原料置备偏钨酸铵：将仲偏钨酸铵加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵配成含WO312%～30%浓度的料浆。按仲钨酸铵：硝酸=1：20加入3%～5%的稀硝酸到仲钨酸铵料浆中，控制固液比1：(3～4)，Ph值2～4，加热溶解，使溶液相对密度达1.18～1.20，加热至80～90℃，恒温恒体积控制Ph值，搅拌反应4h，陈化几小时，清液浓缩至WO3含量在50%左右，过滤除去不溶物，清液继续浓缩、冷却结晶、至80℃干燥制得。
钨酸法将钨酸用氨水溶解，加入盛有煮沸的去离子水中，在搅拌下加热逐氨，使Ph=8，在溶液沸腾情况下加入醋酸，然后用稀硝酸调Ph值2～4，继续加热浓缩至相对密度为1.5～2时，停止加热，冷却过滤。滤液加乙醇充分搅拌，沉降后过滤，晶体于80℃烘干、粉碎即得产品。
热分解法以仲钨酸铵为原料制备偏钨酸铵：将仲钨酸铵和少量柠檬酸催化剂充分混合后，放入远红外回转炉中，控制热分解温度200～280℃，分解1 h左右。此时除去一些氨和水，仲钨酸铵的失重率为5%～6%。热分解后的产物立即成浆，补加适量氨水，调Ph值在3～4范围内，于90℃下煮解浆液。经蒸发浓缩到偏钨酸铵含量为50%时可作液体产品出售，当蒸发浓缩到原体积20%时结晶、过滤分离、造粒得产品。也可将蒸发浓缩液采用喷雾干燥制得产品。如将45%～50%偏钨酸铵通过高速离心转盘喷雾干燥器，进口热空气温度250～300℃，出塔口温度90～95℃，得到的产品为球形晶体，粒度为200目占95%，含游离水＜1.5%。
溶剂萃取法将钨酸铵溶液用有机萃取剂磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(D2EHPA)或磷酸三丁酯(TBP)与煤油溶剂组成有机相，萃取钨酸铵中的铵离子，使Ph值降至2～4，经煮解生成偏钨酸铵溶液。浓缩结晶、过滤分离、干燥制得产品。
离子交换法 以仲钨酸铵为原料，用离子交换法制备偏钨酸铵：在130～140℃加热仲钨酸铵1～8 h，将生成物调成浆状物，于80～100℃煮沸2～6 h，生成偏钨酸铵溶液。再经浓缩结晶，过滤分离、干燥得产品。其电渗析法以钨酸铵或仲钨酸铵为原料经电渗析置备偏钨酸铵：将仲钨酸铵加入到阳极室，当电流通过时，铵离子通过阴离子交换膜进人阴极室，阳极室偏钨酸铵浓度增加。最后从阴极室放出偏钨酸铵溶液，按上述方法处理制得偏钨酸铵。
中和法、钨酸法、热分解法为我国工业化生产的主要方法。