67-56-1

• 常用中文名：甲醇
• 常用英文名：Methanol
• CAS号：67-56-1
• 分子式：CH₄O
• 分子量：32.042
• 相关类别： 有机原料 醇、酚、酚醇类化合物及衍生物 无环醇
• 发布时间：2018-06-11 12:31:23
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 10:46:05
• 【用途一】
  主要用来制备甲醛以及在有机合成中用作甲基化剂和溶剂，是甲基叔丁基醚的原料，也可用作汽车燃料
  【用途二】
  用作分析试剂及色谱分析试剂，也用于有机合成
  【用途三】
  用于硫酸钙和硫酸镁的分离，溴化锶和溴化钡的分离，测定硼的试剂
  【用途四】
  萃取溶剂。其成品最高允许残留量：香辛料油树脂50mg/kg，酒花抽提物2.2mg/kg。
  GB 2760-96列为食品加工助剂。
  【用途五】
  基本有机原料之一。主要用于制造甲醛、醋酸、氯甲烷、甲胺和硫酸二甲酯等多种有机产品。也是农药（杀虫剂、杀螨剂）、医药（磺胺类、合霉素等）的原料，合成对苯二甲酸二甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸甲酯的原料之一。还是重要的溶剂，亦可掺入汽油作替代燃料使用。20世纪80年代以来，甲醇用于生产汽油辛烷值添加剂甲基叔丁基醚、甲醇汽油、甲醇燃料，以及甲醇蛋白等产品，大大促进了甲醇生产的发展和市场需要。

名称

• 中文名: 甲醇
• 英文名: methanol
• 中文别名: 木精; 木醇
• 英文别名: Hydroxymethane; monocarbinol; MeOH; Methyl alcohol; CH3OH; EINECS 200-659-6; Alcohol, methyl; MFCD00002425; carbinol; Methanol

物化性质

• 密度: 0.8±0.1 g/cm3
• 沸点: 48.1±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: -98ºC
• 分子式: CH₄O
• 分子量: 32.042
• 闪点: 11.1±0.0 °C
• 精确质量: 32.026215
• PSA: 20.23000
• LogP: -0.72
• 外观性状: 透明无色液体
• 蒸汽密度: 1.11 (vs air)
• 蒸汽压: 265.4±0.1 mmHg at 25°C
• 折射率: 1.311
• 储存条件:

  储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风良好的专用库房内，远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过37℃，保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、酸类、碱金属等分开存放，切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

• 稳定性:

  1.化学性质：具有饱和一元醇的通性，由于只有一个碳原子，因此有其特有的反应。例如：① 与氯化钙形成结晶状物质CaCl2·4CH3OH，与氧化钡形成BaO·2CH3OH的分子化合物并溶解于甲醇中；类似的化合物有MgCl2·6CH3OH、CuSO4·2CH3OH、CH3OK·CH3OH、AlCl3·4CH3OH、AlCl3·6CH3OH、AlCl3·10CH3OH等；② 与其他醇不同，由于-CH2OH基与氢结合，氧化时生成的甲酸进一步氧化为CO2；③ 甲醇与氯、溴不易发生反应，但易与其水溶液作用，最初生成二氯甲醚(CH2Cl)2O，因水的作用转变成HCHO与HCl；④ 与碱、石灰一起加热，产生氢气并生成甲酸钠；CH3OH+NaOH→HCOONa+2H2；⑤ 与锌粉一起蒸馏，发生分解，生成CO和H2O。

  2.甲醇为有毒化工产品，具有显著的麻醉作用，对于视神经危害最为严重。饮入5~10ml/kg甲醇可致严重中毒,10ml/kg以上有失明危险，饮入30ml/kg可以致死。甲醇可经消化道、呼吸道及皮肤渗透侵入人体导致中毒。吸入浓的甲醇蒸气时，除了特有的症状酩酊、头痛以外，常使视力模糊而眼痛。这些症状有的在数小时之后即能发生，重症时，呈现眩晕、呼吸困难、胃痛、疝痛、便秘，有时还会有出血，需要数日才恢复。在这期间也能引起疲劳、不适，重症时能出现发绀。不论急性、慢性都需要较长时间才能恢复。工作场所空气中甲醇蒸气最高容许浓度260mg/m3。防护方法在于生产设备密闭，严防入口、入眼或接触伤口。如有黏沾，迅速用水冲洗。急性中毒者迅速移到新鲜空气处。严重者送医院诊治。

  3.属中等毒类。主要作用于神经系统，具有麻醉作用。可被皮肤吸收、饮用或吸入蒸气而造成中毒，其特征是刺激视神经及网膜，导致眼睛失明。乙醇在体内能迅速分解排除，而甲醇排出缓慢，故有累积性。吸入甲醇蒸气会刺激眼、鼻和咽喉，引起眩晕、头痛、沉醉、流泪和视力模糊。重症时呈现麻醉、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、胃痛、疝痛、膀胱痛、便秘、有时还会出血。一般误饮5~10ml可致严重中毒，15ml可致失明，30ml左右可致死。兔经口致死量为10ml/kg。嗅觉阈浓度140mg/m3。TJ36-79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为50mg/m3。

  4.稳定性 稳定

  5.禁配物 酸类、酸酐、强氧化剂、碱金属

  6.聚合危害 不聚合

• 水溶解性: miscible
• 分子结构:

  1、摩尔折射率：8.21

  2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：42.5

  3、等张比容（90.2K）：88.6

  4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：18.8

  5、极化率（10^-24cm³）：3.25

• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:-0.5

  2.氢键供体数量:1

  3.氢键受体数量:1

  4.可旋转化学键数量:0

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积20.2

  7.重原子数量:2

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:2

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1.性状：无色透明液体，有刺激性气味。

  2.熔点（℃）：-97.8

  3.沸点（℃）：64.7

  4.相对密度（水=1）：0.79

  5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：1.1

  6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：12.3（20℃）

  7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-723

  8.临界温度（℃）：240

  9.临界压力（MPa）：7.95

  10.辛醇/水分配系数：-0.82~-0.77

  11.闪点（℃）：12（CC）；12.2（OC）

  12.引燃温度（℃）：464

  13.爆炸上限（%）：36.5

  14.爆炸下限（%）：6

  15.溶解性：溶于水，可混溶与醇类、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。

  16.折射率（n20ºC）：1.3284

  17.黏度（mPa·s,15ºC）：0.6405

  18.黏度（mPa·s,20ºC）：0.5945

  19.黏度（mPa·s,25ºC）：0.5525

  20.黏度（mPa·s,30ºC）：0.5142

  21.闪点（ºC,开口）：11

  22.闪点（ºC,闭口）：12.0

  23.蒸发热（KJ/mol,b.p.）：35.32

  24.熔化热（KJ/kg）：98.81

  25.生成热（KJ/mol,气体）：-201.39

  26.生成热（KJ/mol,液体）：-238.82

  27.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),20ºC,定压）：2.51

  28.沸点上升常数：0.785

  29.电导率（S/m,25ºC）：1.5×10^-9

  30.热导率（W/(m·K),30ºC）：21.3527

  31.体膨胀系数（K^-1,20ºC）：0.00119

  32.体膨胀系数（K^-1,55ºC）：0.00124

  33.相对密度（25℃，4℃）：1.7866

  34.相对密度（25℃，4℃）：1.3265

  35.临界密度（g·cm^-3）：0.273

  36.临界体积（cm³·mol^-1）：117

  37.临界压缩因子：0.223

  38.偏心因子：0.566

  39.Lennard-Jones参数（A）：3.8632

  40.Lennard-Jones参数（K）：419.86

  41.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：29.532

  42.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：3.580×10⁹

  43.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：21.710

  44.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：764.9

  45.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：-201.5

  46.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：239.88

  47.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-161.6

  48.气相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：44.06

  49.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-726.9

  50.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：-239.1

  51.液相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：127.24

  52.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-166.88

  53.液相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：81.4

MSDS

国标编号: 32058 ＣＡＳ: 67-56-1 中文名称: 甲醇 英文名称: methyl alcohol；Methanol 别 名: 木酒精 分子式: CH4O；CH3OH 分子量: 32.04 熔 点: -97.8℃ 沸点：64.8℃ 密 度: 相对密度(水=1)0.79； 蒸汽压: 11℃ 溶解性: 溶于水，可混溶于醇、醚等多数有机溶剂 稳定性: 稳定 外观与性状: 无色澄清液体，有刺激性气味 危险标记: 7(易燃液体) 用 途: 主要用于制甲醛、香精、染料、医药、火药、防冻剂等 2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。健康危害：对中枢神经系统有麻醉作用；对视神经和视网膜有特殊选择作用，引起病变；可致代谢性酸中毒。急性中毒：短时大量吸入出现轻度眼及上呼吸道刺激症状(口服有胃肠道刺激症状)；经一段时间潜伏期后出现头痛、头晕、乏力、眩晕、酒醉感、意识朦胧、谵妄，甚至昏迷。视神经及视网膜病变，可有视物模糊、复视等，重者失明。代谢性酸中毒时出现二氧化碳结合力下降、呼吸加速等。慢性影响：神经衰弱综合征，植物神经功能失调，粘膜刺激，视力减退等。皮肤出现脱脂、皮炎等。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 毒性：属中等毒类。急性毒性：LD505628mg/kg(大鼠经口)；15800mg/kg(兔经皮)；LC5082776mg/kg，4小时(大鼠吸入)；人经口5～10ml，潜伏期8～36小时，致昏迷；人经口15ml，48小时内产生视网膜炎，失明；人经口30～100ml中枢神经系统严重损害，呼吸衰弱，死亡。亚急性和慢性毒性：大鼠吸入50mg/m3，12小时/天，3个月，在8～10周内可见到气管、支气管粘膜损害，大脑皮质细胞营养障碍等。致突变性：微生物致突变：啤酒酵母菌12pph。DNA抑制：人类淋巴细胞300mmol/L。生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒浓度(TDL0)：7500mg/kg(孕7～19天)，对新生鼠行为有影响。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0)：20000ppm(7小时)，(孕1～22天)，引起肌肉骨骼、心血管系统和泌尿系统发育异常。 危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂接触发生化学反应或引起燃烧。在火场中，受热的容器有爆炸危险。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。 燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。 3.现场应急监测方法: 气体检测管法； 便携式气相色谱法；直接进水样气相色谱法气体速测管（北京劳保所产品） 4.实验室监测方法: 监测方法 来源 类别 溶剂解吸气相色谱法 WS/T143-1999 作业场所空气 气相色谱法 HJ/T33-1999 固定污染源排气 变色酸比色法； 气相色谱法 《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平编 空气 气相色谱法 《水质分析大全》张宏陶主编 水质 品红亚硫酸法 《化工企业空气中有害物质测定方法》，化学工业出版社 化工企业空气 5.环境标准: 中国(TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 50mg/m^3 中国(TJ36-79) 居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 3.00mg/m^3(一次值) 1.00mg/m^3(日均值) 中国(GB16297-1996) 大气污染物综合排放标准 ①最高允许排放浓度(mg/m^3)： 190(表2)；220(表1) ②最高允许排放速率(kg/h)： 二级5.1～100(表2)；6.1～130(表1) 三级7.8～170(表2)；9.2～200(表1) ③无组织排放监控浓度限值： 12mg/m^3(表2)；15mg/m^3(表1) 前苏联(1978) 地面水中有害物质最高允许浓度 3.0mg/L 前苏联(1978) 渔业用水中最高允许浓度 0.1mg/L 前苏联 污水中有害物质最高允许浓度 20mg/L 　 嗅觉阈浓度 140mg/m^3 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内。回收或运至废物处理场所处置。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面罩(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴空气呼吸器。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 身体防护：穿防静电工作服。 手防护：戴橡胶手套。 其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，淋浴更衣。实行就业前和定期的体检。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。 眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：饮足量温水，催吐，用清水或1%硫代硫酸钠溶液洗胃。就医。 灭火方法：尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1.急性毒性 LD50：7300mg/kg（小鼠经口）；15800mg/kg（兔经皮） LC50：64000ppm（大鼠吸入，4h） 2.刺激性 家兔经皮：20mg（24h），中度刺激。 家兔经眼：40mg，中度刺激。 3.亚急性与慢性毒性 大鼠吸入50mg/m^3，每天12h，3个月，在8~10周内可见到气管、支气管黏膜损害，大脑皮质细胞营养障碍等。 4.致突变性 微生物致突变：酿酒酵母菌12%。DNA抑制：人类淋巴细胞300mmol/L。 5.致畸性 鼠孕后6~14d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）20000ppm（7h），致肌肉骨骼系统、心血管系统、泌尿生殖系统发育畸形。大鼠、小鼠孕后不同时间给予不同剂量，可致内分泌系统、眼、耳、中枢神经系统、颅面部（包括鼻、舌）发育畸形。 6.其他大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：7500mg/kg（孕7~19d），对新手鼠行为有影响。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：20000ppm（7h）（孕1~22d），引起肌肉骨骼、心血管系统和泌尿系统发育异常。 生态学数据: 1.对呼吸道及胃肠道黏膜有刺激作用，对血管神经有毒作用，引起血管痉挛，形成瘀血或出血；对视神经和视网膜有特殊的选择作用，使视网膜因缺乏营养而坏死。 2.生态毒性 LC50：15.4~29.4g/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼） 3.生物降解性 MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，2周后降解92%。 4.非生物降解性 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10^5个/cm^3时，降解半衰期为17d（理论）。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : PC1400000 CHEMICAL NAME : Methanol CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 67-56-1 LAST UPDATED : 199712 DATA ITEMS CITED : 109 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C-H4-O MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 32.05 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : Q1 HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 6422 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - changes in circulation (hemorrhage, thrombosis, etc.) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 3429 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 428 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - headache Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 143 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - optic nerve neuropathy Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 86000 mg/m3 TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 300 ppm TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes Behavioral - headache Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 868 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 5628 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 64000 ppm/4H TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 7529 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 2131 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 7300 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 50 gm/m3/2H TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 10765 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 9800 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 4710 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 7500 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 7 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - coma TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 393 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 44 gm/m3/6H TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - muscle weakness Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 4641 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 14200 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 15800 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 1826 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 8907 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 3556 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster DOSE/DURATION : 8555 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog DOSE/DURATION : 59 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 12 gm/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - alteration of operant conditioning TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 7 mL/kg/7D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - other changes Biochemical - Effect on specific coenzyme - B vitamins including folate TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/m3/12H/13W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 2610 ppm/6H/4W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Endocrine - changes in spleen weight TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 3846 ug/kg/30D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 7500 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 17-19 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 35295 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 35295 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 20 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 20000 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 20000 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 7-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 10000 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 7-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 200 ppm/20H SEX/DURATION : male 78 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 5200 uL/kg SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 40 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 4 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 1500 ppm/6H SEX/DURATION : female 7-9 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 5000 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 7500 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 2000 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 15000 ppm SEX/DURATION : female 7-9 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 5 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : male 5 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis MUTATION DATA TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse REFERENCE : ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,381,1983 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 328 mg/m3 (250 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 262 mg/m3 (200 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MEDIAV Medicine. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1922- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,431,1953 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,153,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MJAUAJ Medical Journal of Australia. (Australasian Medical Pub. Co. Ltd., 71-79 Arundel St., Glebe, N.S.W., Australia) V.1- 1914- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,483,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,155,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 200 ppm (262 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm (1300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 50 mg/m3;STEL 100 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 200 ppm;STEL 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 200 ppm (250 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (350 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);STEL 400 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO METHANOL-air:10H TWA 200 ppm (Sk);STEL 250 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 45930 No. of Facilities: 78840 (estimated) No. of Industries: 344 No. of Occupations: 203 No. of Employees: 737242 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 45930 No. of Facilities: 101075 (estimated) No. of Industries: 373 No. of Occupations: 225 No. of Employees: 1620617 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 388352 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS02, GHS06, GHS08
• 信号词: Danger
• 危害声明: H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H370
• 警示性声明: P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)
• 危害码 (欧洲): F:Flammable
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R11;R23/24/25;R39/23/24/25
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S16-S36/37-S45-S7
• 危险品运输编码: UN 1230
• WGK德国: 1
• RTECS号: PC1400000
• 包装等级: II
• 危险类别: 3
• 海关编码: 2905110000

上下游产品

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制备

1.工业上合成甲醇几乎全部采用一氧化碳加压催化加氢的方法，工艺过程包括造气、合成净化、甲醇合成和粗甲醇精馏等工序。粗甲醇的净化过程包括精馏和化学处理。化学处理主要用碱破坏在精馏过程中难以分离的杂质，并调节pH值；精馏主要是脱除易挥发组分如二甲醚，以及难挥发组分职乙醇、高碳醇和水。粗馏后的纯度一般都可达到98%以上。

2.将工业甲醇用精馏的方法将含水量降到0.01%以下。再用次碘酸钠处理，可除去其中的丙酮。经精馏得纯品甲醇。

3.BV-Ⅲ级甲醇的制备主要采用精馏工艺。以工业甲醇为原料，经精馏、超净过滤、超净分装，得高纯甲醇产品。

4.一般均以工业甲醇为原料，经常压蒸馏除去水分，控制塔顶64～65℃，过滤除去不溶物即可。

海关

海关编码	2905110000