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78-92-2

78-92-2结构式
78-92-2结构式
  • 常用中文名:仲丁醇
  • 常用英文名:(±)-2-Butanol
  • CAS号:78-92-2
  • 分子式:C4H10O
  • 分子量:74.122
  • 相关类别: 有机原料 醇、酚、酚醇类化合物及衍生物 无环醇
  • 发布时间:2018-04-15 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2024-01-02 20:52:47
  • 【用途一】
    用作溶剂、色谱分析试剂
    【用途二】
    用作生产甲乙酮的中间体,用于制醋酸丁酯、仲丁酯等
    【用途三】
    萃取溶剂;香料。
    【用途四】
    制备丁酮,有机合成,溶剂,油脂萃取剂,香料制造。

化源商城直购

中文名 仲丁醇
英文名 butan-2-ol
中文别名 另丁醇
2-丁醇
2-甲基丙醇
第二丁醇
英文别名 (±)-2-butanol
DL-Butan-2-ol
1-methyl-1-propanol
DL-METHYLETHYLCARBINOL
2-Butanol, (±)-
butanol
dl-sec-Butanol
methyl-2-propanol
SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL
3-Methylthiocrotonic acid,S-sec-butyl ester
sec-Butyl S-senecthioate
2-Butanol
Butan-2-ol
S-sec-Butyl 3-methyl-2-butenethioate
rac-2-butanol
EINECS 201-158-5
MFCD00004569
±-2-Butanol
sec-Butanol
sec-Butyl 3-methyl-2-butenethioate
Butyl alcohol, sec-
密度 0.8±0.1 g/cm3
沸点 96.6±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
熔点 −115 °C(lit.)
分子式 C4H10O
分子量 74.122
闪点 26.7±0.0 °C
精确质量 74.073166
PSA 20.23000
LogP 0.69
外观性状 无色液体
蒸汽密度 2.6 (vs air)
蒸汽压 25.2±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
折射率 1.393
储存条件

储存注意事项储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过37℃。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、酸类、卤素等分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

稳定性

1.具有仲醇的化学反应特性。干燥的仲丁醇对金属无腐蚀性,若有水分存在特别是高温时,能腐蚀铝。

2.稳定性 稳定

3.禁配物 酸类、酰基氯、酸酐、强氧化剂、卤素

4.聚合危害 不聚合

水溶解性 12.5 g/100 mL (20 ºc)
分子结构

1、摩尔折射率:22.07

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):92.4

3、等张比容(90.2K):205.4

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):24.3

5、极化率(10-24cm3):8.75

计算化学

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:1

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:1

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积20.2

7.重原子数量:5

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:19.6

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:1

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

更多

1.性状:无色透明液体,有类似葡萄酒的气味。

2.熔点(℃):-114.7

3.沸点(℃):99.5

4.相对密度(水=1):0.81

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.6

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):1.6(20℃)

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-2668.3

8.临界温度(℃):263

9.临界压力(MPa):4.202

10.辛醇/水分配系数:0.61

11.闪点(℃):23(OC)

12.引燃温度(℃):406

13.爆炸上限(%):9.8

14.爆炸下限(%):1.7

15.溶解性:溶于水,混溶于乙醇、乙醚、芳烃。

16.黏度(mPa·s,20ºC):4.210

17.蒸发热(KJ/kg,b.p.):562.6

18.生成热(KJ/mol):-279.09

19.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),20ºC,定压):2.81

20.溶解度(%,水,20ºC):12.5

21.体膨胀系数(K-1,20ºC):0.00097

22.相对密度(25℃,4℃):0.8026

23.常温折射率(n25):1.3949

24.临界密度(g·cm-3):0.276

25.临界体积(cm3·mol-1):269

26.临界压缩因子:0.253

27.偏心因子:0.570

28.Lennard-Jones参数(A):13.86

29.Lennard-Jones参数(K):154.1

30.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:22.630

31.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):7.620×109

32.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):52.390

33.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):2710.19

34.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :-293.01

35.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :359.53

36.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-167.9

37.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):112.14

38.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-2660.44

39.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):-342.75

40.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :223.0

41.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-177.19

42.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):197.1

国标编号: 33552
CAS: 78-92-2
中文名称: 2-丁醇
英文名称: 2-butyl alcohol;sec-butyl alcohol
别 名: 仲丁醇
分子式: C4H10O;CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
分子量: 74.12
熔 点: -114.7℃ 沸点:99.5?
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)0.81;
蒸汽压: 24℃
溶解性: 溶于水
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色透明液体,有类似葡萄酒的气味
危险标记: 7(易燃液体)
用 途: 用于制造甲乙酮,合成香精、染料等的原料,也用作溶剂

2.对环境的影响:

一、健康危害

侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害:本品具有刺激和麻醉作用。大量吸入时对眼、鼻、喉有刺激作用,并出现头痛、眩晕、倦怠、恶心等症状。对兔皮肤无刺激性,但对兔眼有严重损伤。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性:属微毒类。急性毒性:LD506480mg/kg (大鼠经口)刺激性:家兔经眼:100mg(24小时),中度刺激。家兔经皮:500mg(24小时),轻度刺激。生殖毒性:大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0):5000ppm(7小时,孕1~19天),致胚胎毒性。 生物效应:没有得到一般环境中的定量水平数据。而由于2-丁醇极易生物降解,所以环境中的高浓度,可能仅出现在偶尔发生严重溢漏的局部地区。2-丁醇不会被生物蓄积。在环境中可能出现的背景浓度下,2-丁醇不会毒害水生生物、藻类和原生动物或细菌。然而,由于2-丁醇极易生物降解,而导致缺氧,所以会给水环境带来间接危害。环境中的2-丁醇应作为一种微毒化合物管理。

危险特性:易燃,其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。受热分解放出有毒气体。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。在火场中,受热的容器有爆炸危险。 燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳。


3.现场应急监测方法:


4.实验室监测方法:

气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版),杭士平主编


5.环境标准:
中国(TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 200mg/m3
前苏联(1983) 地表水最高允许浓度 0.2mg/L
  嗅觉阈浓度 40ppm

6.应急处理处置方法:

一、泄漏应急处理

迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用活性炭或其它惰性材料吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗,洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容;用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护:一般不需要特殊防护,高浓度接触时可佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。 眼睛防护:戴安全防护眼镜。 身体防护:穿防静电工作服。 手防护:戴一般作业防护手套。 其它:工作现场严禁吸烟。保持良好的卫生习惯。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。 眼睛接触:立即提起眼睑,用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止时,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入:饮足量温水,催吐。就医。

灭火方法:用雾状水保持火场容器冷却,用水喷射逸出液体,使其稀释成不燃性混合物,并用雾状水保护消防人员。灭火剂:抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、雾状水、1211灭火剂、砂土。

毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性

LD50:2193mg/kg(大鼠经口);4893mg/kg(兔经口);>2000mg/kg(大鼠经皮)

2.刺激性

家兔经皮:500mg(24h),轻度刺激。

家兔经眼:100mg(24h),中度刺激。

3.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCLo):5000ppm/7h(孕1~19d),致胚胎毒性。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性

LD50:4300mg/L(24h)(金鱼)

IC50:312mg/L(72h)(藻类)

2.生物降解性

好氧生物降解(h):24~168

厌氧生物降解(h):96~672

3.非生物降解性

水中光氧化半衰期(h):3100~1.00×106

空气中光氧化半衰期(h):7.2~72

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
EO1750000
CHEMICAL NAME :
sec-Butyl alcohol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
78-92-2
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0773649
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
42
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C4-H10-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
74.14
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
QY2&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
6480 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,61,1954
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
16000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
SHELL* Shell Chemical Company. (P.O. Box 4320, Houston, TX 77210) Volume(issue)/page/year: MSDS-5280-4
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1193 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,321,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
138 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,321,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
771 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
SCCUR* Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. (2401 Crow Canyon Rd., San Romon, CA 94583) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,2,1961
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
764 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 135,330,1962
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
4893 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Cardiac - pulse rate Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
IMSUAI Industrial Medicine and Surgery. (Northbrook, IL) V.18-42, 1949-73. For publisher information, see IOHSA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,31,1972
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
277 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,321,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1067 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,321,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
1218 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,321,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
15 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,296,1935 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
5000 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,469,1989
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
7000 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,469,1989 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA (100 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,32,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (305 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (455 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (303 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (455 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:STEL 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (225 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 200 ppm (600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO sec-BUTYL ALCOHOL-air:10H TWA 100 ppm;STEL 150 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 14410 No. of Facilities: 2929 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 47 No. of Employees: 42853 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 14410 No. of Facilities: 5896 (estimated) No. of Industries: 97 No. of Occupations: 72 No. of Employees: 126196 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 36723 (estimated)

符号 GHS02 GHS07
GHS02, GHS07
信号词 Warning
危害声明 H226-H319-H335-H336
警示性声明 P210-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P337 + P313-P403 + P235
个人防护装备 Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
危害码 (欧洲) Xi:Irritant
风险声明 (欧洲) R10;R36/37;R67
安全声明 (欧洲) S13-S24/25-S26-S46-S7/9
危险品运输编码 UN 1120 3/PG 3
WGK德国 1
RTECS号 EO1750000
包装等级 II
危险类别 3
海关编码 2905142000

1.由裂解石油或天然气中的丁烯于硫酸吸附后用水蒸气水解而得。

2.可由乙醛缩水并脱水生成巴豆醛,经催化加氢而得。或者以谷物淀粉为原料,经发酵、分离制得。

3.可由工业品仲丁醇精制获得。

海关编码 2905142000
中文概述 HS: 2905142000. 仲丁醇. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:9.0%. 监管条件:无. 最低关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%
申报要素 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 包装
Summary HS: 2905142000. butan-2-ol. VAT:17.0%. tax rebate rate:9.0%. supervision conditions:None. MFN tarrif:5.5%. general tariff:30.0%