Aluminium hydroxide

[1]. He P, et al. Advances in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research and its mechanism. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(2):477-88.

[2]. Amini Y, et al. Aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles show strong activity to stimulate Th-1 immune response against tuberculosis. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Nov;45(7):1331-1335.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

Al-H3-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

78.01

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

.AL..H3.O3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

79 gm/kg/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Musculoskeletal - osteomalacia

REFERENCE :

PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034, Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 71,56,1983

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

122 gm/kg/4D

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

REFERENCE :

JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,592,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :

39 gm/kg/24D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Musculoskeletal - osteomalacia

REFERENCE :

NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year: 310,1079,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,564,1972 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

8040 mg/kg/67D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in phosphorus

REFERENCE :

FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,616,1988 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80390 No. of Facilities: 4981 (estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 74 No. of Employees: 97261 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4445 No. of Facilities: 297 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 8 No. of Employees: 37773 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 33522 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X9931 No. of Facilities: 59 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 7006 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 6697 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80390 No. of Facilities: 12057 (estimated) No. of Industries: 123 No. of Occupations: 121 No. of Employees: 325788 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 84539 (estimated)