Cadmium oxide

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

Cd-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

128.40

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

CD O

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

8630 ug/m3/5H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,455,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

500 ug/m3/5Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - change in sensation of smell Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria

REFERENCE :

QJMEA7 Quarterly Journal of Medicine. (Oxford Univ. Press, Walton St., Oxford OX2 6DP, UK) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,425,1969

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

40 ug/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - change in rate Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45(10),22,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

72 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,455,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

12 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ZDKAA8 Zdravookhranenie Kazakhstana. Public Health of Kazakhstan. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38(9),18,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

72 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

41HTAH "Aktual'nye Problemy Gigieny Truda. Current Problems of Labor Hygiene," Tarasenko, N.Y., ed., Moscow, Pervyi Moskovskii Meditsinskii Inst., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,14,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

250 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

94 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

4 gm/m3/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 mg/m3/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

2500 mg/m3/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

3500 mg/m3/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

72 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 33(7-9),187,1968 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

156 ug/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Blood - other changes Musculoskeletal - other changes

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52(6),70,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

23 ug/m3/24H/20W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Musculoskeletal - osteoporosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52(5),85,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

57 ug/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

REFERENCE :

ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,231,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

300 ug/m3/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - changes in heart weight Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

REFERENCE :

NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

300 ug/m3/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight

REFERENCE :

NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

50 ug/m3/6H/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight

REFERENCE :

NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :

BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,190,1966 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

21640 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - maternal-fetal exchange Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(8),11,1985

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

21640 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(8),11,1985

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

183 ug/m3/5H

SEX/DURATION :

female 21 week(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :

TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,53,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

23 ug/m3/5H

SEX/DURATION :

female 21 week(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

REFERENCE :

TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,53,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

91 ug/m3

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

REFERENCE :

GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(8),25,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

2 mg/m3/6H

SEX/DURATION :

female 4-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

16 ug/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46(10),13,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

2 mg/m3/6H

SEX/DURATION :

female 4-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

500 ug/m3/6H

SEX/DURATION :

female 4-17 day(s) after conception

REFERENCE :

NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, inhalable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-Suspected human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,74,1973 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,39,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,119,1993 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,39,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,119,1993 IARC Cancer Review:Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,119,1993 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,105,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,102,1969 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMPMAR Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.7- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,127,1973 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.05 mg/m3;Carcinogen (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:STEL 0.05 mg/m3;Carcinogen (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.01 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.01 mg/m3;Carcinogen (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 0.05 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.05 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.3 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.05 mg/m3;STEL 0.5 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO CADMIUM, dust and fume-air:CA lowest feasible conc. REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M1554 No. of Facilities: 1127 (estimated) No. of Industries: 37 No. of Occupations: 28 No. of Employees: 10110 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M1554 No. of Facilities: 556 (estimated) No. of Industries: 27 No. of Occupations: 31 No. of Employees: 15727 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4850 (estimated)