Furfural

Modify Date: 2026-07-02 14:57:45

Furfural Structure
Furfural structure
Common Name Furfural
CAS Number 98-01-1 Molecular Weight 96.084
Density 1.1±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 161.8±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C5H4O2 Melting Point −36 °C(lit.)
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 58.3±0.0 °C
Symbol GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger

 Names

This table lists Chinese names, IUPAC names and various aliases of this chemical substance.

Name furfural
Synonym More Synonyms

 Chemical & Physical Properties

This table shows physicochemical parameters including melting point, boiling point, density, solubility and optical rotation. Missing data is marked as N/A.

Density 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 161.8±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point −36 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula C5H4O2
Molecular Weight 96.084
Flash Point 58.3±0.0 °C
Exact Mass 96.021126
PSA 30.21000
LogP 0.73
Vapour density 3.31 (vs air)
Vapour Pressure 2.2±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.515
InChIKey HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES O=Cc1ccco1
Stability Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Flammable.
Water Solubility 8.3 g/100 mL
Freezing Point -36.5℃

 MSDS

This table provides MSDS information including hazard classification, first‑aid, fire‑fighting, spill handling, operation and storage instructions.

 Toxicological Information

This table summarizes toxicological test data, acute & chronic toxicity and ecological hazard parameters for this chemical.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
LT7000000
CHEMICAL NAME :
2-Furaldehyde
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
98-01-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0105755
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
88
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C5-H4-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
96.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T5OJ BVH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
310 ug/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
65 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
175 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
148 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
370 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
102 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
119 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
152 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
950 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
370 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
214 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
620 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
78 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
541 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - hemorrhage
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
23 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
91 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/m3/5H/12W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - sympathomimetic Endocrine - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10140 ug/m3/24H/60D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/m3/4H/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
75 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
33 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - leukopenia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4800 mg/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4875 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
30900 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
90125 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
Specific locus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
11700 ug/L
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR,382,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 7.9 mg/m3 (2 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,120,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 ppm (7.9 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 2.5 ppm (9.8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 2.5 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 34120 No. of Facilities: 333 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 30 No. of Employees: 5904 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 34120 No. of Facilities: 6447 (estimated) No. of Industries: 79 No. of Occupations: 66 No. of Employees: 135914 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 6706 (estimated)

 Safety Information

This table covers safety warnings, protective measures, incompatible substances and disposal guidelines for this compound.

Symbol GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H301 + H331-H312-H315-H319-H335-H351
Precautionary Statements P261-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P311
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Hazard Codes T:Toxic
Risk Phrases R21;R23/25;R36/37;R40
Safety Phrases S26-S36/37/39-S45-S1/2
RIDADR UN 1199 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 2
RTECS LT7000000
Packaging Group II
Hazard Class 6.1
HS Code 2923900090

 Synthetic Route

This table presents publicly reported synthetic routes, reaction conditions, reactants and product information of the compound.

 Customs

This table shows customs‑related data including HS‑code, tariff and regulatory conditions for import and export.

HS Code 2932120000
Summary 2932120000 furan-2-carbaldehyde。supervision conditions:b(certificate of inspection for goods outward)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.0%。general tariff:20.0%

 Articles113

More Articles

This table lists relevant public references with title, journal and publication metadata for this compound.

Quantification of furanic derivatives in fortified wines by a highly sensitive and ultrafast analytical strategy based on digitally controlled microextraction by packed sorbent combined with ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1381 , 54-63, (2015)

An improved, reliable and powerful analytical strategy based on digitally controlled microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) combined with ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was validat...

Efficient production of glucose by microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of cellulose hydrogel.

Bioresour. Technol. 192 , 253-6, (2015)

To improve the production of glucose from cellulose, a simple and effective route was developed. This process uses a combination of a step of cellulose dissolution in aqueous NaOH/urea solution and th...

Detoxification of biomass hydrolysates with nucleophilic amino acids enhances alcoholic fermentation.

Bioresour. Technol. 186 , 106-13, (2015)

Carbonyl compounds generated in biomass pretreatment hinder the biochemical conversion of biomass hydrolysates to biofuels. A novel approach of detoxifying hydrolysates with amino acids for ethanol pr...

 Synonyms

This table collects all English aliases, systematic names and CAS‑related synonyms of the compound.

Furan-2-carbaldehyde
2-Furancarbothioic acid,O-ethyl ester
Furfural
MFCD00003229
furfuryl-2-carboxaldehyde
furan-2-ylcarbaldehyde
2-Furanecarbaldéhyde
2-Furfuraldehyde
2-furfural
Furaldehyde
furan-2-carbothioic acid O-ethyl ester
furan-2-yl carboxaldehyde
T5OJ BVH
2-furanaldehyde
2-Furancarboxaldehyde
Furan-2-thiocarbonsaeure-O-ethylester
EINECS 202-627-7
2-Furaldehyde
Furfuraldehyde
formylfuran
2-Furanaldehyd

 Furfural | FAQ

This section contains frequently‑asked‑questions about this compound, including basic parameters, properties, storage conditions and corresponding answers.

Q: What is the English name of furfural?
A: The English name of furfural is furfural.
Q: How is the water solubility of furfural?
A: Water solubility of furfural: 8.3 g/100 mL.
Q: What is the polar surface area (PSA) of furfural?
A: Polar surface area (PSA) of furfural is 30.21000.
Q: What is the CAS number of furfural?
A: CAS number of furfural is 98-01-1.
Q: What is the InChIKey of furfural?
A: InChIKey of furfural is HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
Q: What is the LogP of furfural?
A: LogP of furfural is 0.73.
Q: What is the safety information for furfural?
A: Safety information for furfural: S26-S36/37/39-S45-S1/2.
Q: What is the molecular weight of furfural?
A: Molecular weight of furfural is 96.084.
Q: What are the downstream products of furfural?
A: Related downstream products(CAS) of furfural: 1121-47-7;111252-81-4;101736-65-6;10496-51-2;893-00-5;105263-08-9;10504-11-7;111896-97-0;10530-89-9;34206-49-0.
Q: What is the melting point of furfural?
A: Melting point of furfural is −36 °C(lit.).

 Furfuralfactory

This table lists manufacturers and suppliers of this compound, including vendor names and product supply reference information.

Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
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