Vitamin A

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Names

[ CAS No. ]:
68-26-8

[ Name ]:
Vitamin A

[Synonym ]:
Alphalin
Lard-factor
Vitamin A1
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
Vitamin A (USP)
trans-retinol
Vitamine A
Vitaminum A
Retinol
VI-a
Vitamin A
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Diméthyl-9-(2,6,6-triméthyl-1-cyclohexén-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatétraén-1-ol
TRANS-VITAMIN A ALCOHOL
all-trans-retinol
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-diméthyl-9-(2,6,6-triméthylcyclohex-1-én-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tétraén-1-ol
EINECS 200-683-7
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
Vitamin A1 alcohol, all-trans-
MFCD00001552

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
421.2±14.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
61-63 °C(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C20H30O

[ Molecular Weight ]:
286.452

[ Flash Point ]:
147.3±16.4 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
286.229675

[ PSA ]:
20.23000

[ LogP ]:
6.84

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.549

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Stability ]:
Stable, but light and air sensitive. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
VH6750000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Retinol, all trans-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
68-26-8
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0403040
LAST UPDATED :
199706
DATA ITEMS CITED :
60
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C20-H30-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
286.50
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
L6UTJ A1 B1U1Y1&U2U1Y1&U2Q C1 C1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
5475 ku/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - pleural effusion Gastrointestinal - other changes Musculoskeletal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1510 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1510 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
73 mL/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Musculoskeletal - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
73 mL/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Musculoskeletal - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
68 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
76560 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
113 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
683 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 4-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
22 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1200 ku/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
60060 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
72 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin appendages
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
9610 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
lactating female 1 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin appendages
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
375 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
45045 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
145 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
145 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
145 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
180 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
96 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
480 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
12 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
DOSE :
480 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
DOSE :
120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
DOSE :
240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
45 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
77 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
52550 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION :
24 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 246,67,1991 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (St. Louis). (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,480,1964 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For publisher information, see ARPTDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,447,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,121,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,351,1979 TOXICOLOGY REIVEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB-275-754 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 6(3),279,1987 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X1676 No. of Facilities: 546 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 12809 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9075 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07, GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H317-H319-H360-H413

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P201-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn: Harmful;F: Flammable;N: Dangerous for the environment;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R22;R38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S36/37-S61-S62

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1208 3/PG 2

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
VH6750000

[ Hazard Class ]:
3.0

[ HS Code ]:
3004500000

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

  • 11,12-Didehydro Retinol
  • All-trans-retinal
  • Retinyl acetate
  • trans-tetrahydropyran-2-yl retinyl ether
  • Palmitic acid
  • 1-acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-8-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy-9-phenylsulfonyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2(E),6(E)-nonadiene
  • oleic acid
  • tBDMS-retinol
  • 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-none-2,6,8-triene
  • Butanol

DownStream

  • 4-oxoretinaldehyde
  • Isotretinoin
  • Retinal, 13-cis-
  • All-trans-retinal
  • 9-cis-Retinal
  • 11-cis-Retinol
  • Neopentyl alcohol
  • Beta-Carotene
  • (1E,3E)-3-methyl-1-[2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl]hexa-1,3,5-triene
  • (1E,3E,5E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 3004500000

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Related Compounds

  • Vitamin A
  • .γ-Vitamin A
  • Vitamin A Acid
  • Vitamin A amide
  • Vitamin A ester
  • Vitamin A amide
  • 4-((Cyclohexylamino)methyl)benzoic acid hydrochloride
  • 1-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-methanamine
  • 2-Methoxy-6-(pyrazol-1-yl)-benzonitrile
  • 1H-3-Benzazepin-7-ol, 8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-(3-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-, (S)-
  • (4-Methyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-methanol
  • N-(1-cyanocyclopentyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]acetamide
  • 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde
  • tert-Butyl-DL-alanine
  • (S)-tert-Butyl 2-carbamoyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • 4-amino-N-[2-tert-butyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide