Piracetam

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Names

[ Name ]:
Piracetam

[Synonym ]:
2-pyrrolidoneacetamide
Pyracetam
2-(2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide
Gabacet
Normabrain
Nootropil
Nootrop
Ciclofalina
2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide
1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, 2-oxo-
2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
5-21-06-00360 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00079246
Piracetam
Nootropyl
Pyramem
EINECS 231-312-7
Oxiracetam Impurity 1

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.4±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
337.3±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
151-152ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₆H₁₀N₂O₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
142.156

[ Flash Point ]:
157.8±28.4 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
142.074234

[ PSA ]:
63.40000

[ LogP ]:
-1.39

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.603

[ Storage condition ]:
Store at RT

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: UX9660500

CHEMICAL NAME :: 1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, 2-oxo-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7491-74-9

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1526393

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 10

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H10-N2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 142.18

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T5NVTJ A1VZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FRPPAO Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For publisher information, see FRMCE8 Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,47,1977

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KHFZAN Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24(4),32,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,795,1989

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >12 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KHFZAN Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11(8),132,1977

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: YHTPAD Yaoxue Tongbao. Bulletin of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.13-23, 1978-88. For publisher information, see ZYZAEU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,465,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: RPTOAN Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,205,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: >10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: RPTOAN Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,22,1981 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 70 gm/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Endocrine - adrenal cortex tumors Biochemical - Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative) - dopamine in striatum

REFERENCE :: PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,7,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 182 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,855,1995

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 560 mg/kg/16D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - xanthine, purine or nucleotides including urate

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,812,1983

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi: Irritant;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
26-37/39

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
UX9660500

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone
N-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4-chlorobutanamide
ethyl (2,5-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetate
(1,5-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide
2-(5-oxo-3-phenylmethoxy-2H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide
Ethyl (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetate
2-Oxo-1-Pyrrolidineacetic Acid Methyl Ester
3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine
N-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide

DownStream

2-thioxo-1-pyrrolidinethioacetamide
2-[(2E)-2-(nitromethylidene)pyrrolidin-1-yl]acetonitrile
2-(2,2-diethoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)acetonitrile
N-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetonitrile

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