氢氧化钠

氢氧化钠用途

【用途一】
基本化工原料，用作高纯试剂,广泛用于化工、冶金、造纸、石油、纺织以及日用化工等部门。
【用途二】
在分析上用作酸的标定
【用途三】
主要用于粘液法人造丝、合成纤维、染料中间体、橡胶再生、织物漂染、造纸、制皂、制革等
【用途四】
用作分析试剂、皂化剂、少量二氧化碳和水的吸收剂，还用于钠盐制造
【用途五】
用于纺织、印染、搪瓷、造纸、合成洗涤剂、农药、冶金、食品、橡胶等行业
【用途六】
基本化工原料，广泛用于化工、冶金、造纸、石油、纺织以及日用化工等部门
【用途七】
用于造纸、纤维素浆粕的生产；用于肥皂、合成洗涤剂、合成脂肪酸的生产以及动植物油脂的精炼。纺织印染工业用作棉布退浆剂、煮炼剂和丝光剂。化学工业用于生产硼砂、氰化钠、甲酸、草酸、苯酚等。石油工业用于精炼石油制品，并用于油田钻井泥浆中。还用于生产氧化铝、金属锌和金属铜的表面处理以及玻璃、搪瓷、制革、医药、染料和农药方面。食品级产品在食品工业上用做酸中和剂，可作柑橘、桃子等的去皮剂，以及脱色剂、脱臭剂。
【用途八】
作酸的中和剂，可用于水果加工中去皮，也可作为空瓶、空罐等容器的洗涤剂，按生产需要适量使用。
【用途九】
广泛应用的基本分析试剂。配制分析用标准碱液。少量二氧化碳和水分的吸收剂。酸的中和。钠盐制造。
【用途十】
广泛应用的基本分析试剂。配制分析用标准碱液。少量二氧化碳和水分的吸收剂。酸的中和。钠盐制造。用于校准测定高分子材料分子量的仪器、评价测量方法和给高分子材料分子量特性量值赋值。

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氢氧化钠名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
1310-73-2

[ 中文名 ]:
氢氧化钠

[ 英文名 ]:
Sodium hydroxide

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

EINECS 215-185-5
MFCD00011405
NaOH
caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide

氢氧化钠物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
2.13

[ 沸点 ]:
1390 ºC

[ 熔点 ]:
318 ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
HNaO

[ 分子量 ]:
39.997

[ 闪点 ]:
176-178°C

[ 精确质量 ]:
39.992512

[ PSA ]:
23.06000

[ 外观性状 ]:
无臭白色固体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
<1 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
24.5mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.473-1.475

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与易燃物、可燃物、酸类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
SOLUBLE

氢氧化钠MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氢氧化钠毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: WB4900000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Sodium hydroxide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1310-73-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 46

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: H-Na-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 40.00

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: NA Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 225,55,1989 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,299,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD:air-CL 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,233,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3;STEL 4 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 mg/m3;STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SODIUM HYDROXIDE-air:CL 2 mg/m3/15M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 69070 No. of Facilities: 112525 (estimated) No. of Industries: 359 No. of Occupations: 192 No. of Employees: 1122583 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3782 No. of Facilities: 21989 (estimated) No. of Industries: 167 No. of Occupations: 120 No. of Employees: 370582 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 137156 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 69070 No. of Facilities: 133757 (estimated) No. of Industries: 426 No. of Occupations: 246 No. of Employees: 2819743 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 995960 (estimated)

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氢氧化钠安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H290-H314

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C: Corrosive;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R35

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S45-S37/39-S24/25-S36/37/39

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1824 8/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
TT2975000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2815110000

氢氧化钠合成路线

详细合成路线

氢氧化钠制备

工业上生产烧碱的方法有苛化法和电解法两种。苛化法按原料不同分为纯碱苛化法和天然碱苛化法；电解法可分为隔膜电解法和离子交换膜法。

1.纯碱苛化法将纯碱、石灰分别经化碱制成纯碱溶液、化灰制成石灰乳，于99～101℃进行苛化反应，苛化液经澄清、蒸发浓缩至40％以上，制得液体烧碱。将浓缩液进一步熬浓固化，制得固体烧碱成品。苛化泥用水洗涤，洗水用于化碱。其反应方程式如下：

2.天然碱苛化法天然碱经粉碎、溶解(或者碱卤)、澄清后加人石灰乳在95～100℃进行苛化，苛化液经澄清、蒸发浓缩至NaOH浓度46%左右、清液冷却、析盐后进一步熬浓．制得固体烧碱成品。苛化泥用水洗涤，洗水用于溶解天然碱。其

隔膜电船法将原盐化盐后加入纯碱、烧碱、氯化钡精制剂除去钙、镁、硫酸根离子等杂质，再于澄清槽中加入聚丙烯酸钠或苛化麸皮以加速沉淀，砂滤后加入盐酸中和，盐水经预热后送去电解，电解液经预热、蒸发、分盐、冷却，制得液体烧碱，进一步熬浓即得固体烧碱成品。盐泥洗水用于化盐。其

3.离子交换膜法将原盐化盐后按传统的办法进行盐水精制，把一次精盐水经微孔烧结碳素管式过滤器进行过滤后，再经螫合离子交换树脂塔进行二次精制，使盐水中钙、镁含量降到0.002%以下，将二次精制盐水电解，于阳极室生成氯气，阳极室盐水中的Na⁺通过离子膜进入阴极室与阴极室的0H生成氢氧化钠，H⁺直接在阴极上放电生成氢气。电解过程中向阳极室加入适量的高纯度盐酸以中和返迁的OH^-，阴极室中应加入所需纯水。在阴极室生成的高纯烧碱浓度为30%～32%(质量)，可以直接作为液碱产品，也可以进一步熬浓，制得周体烧碱成品。其

氢氧化钠的提纯方法：氢氧化钠含有的杂质通常有铁、氯化钠、硅酸盐、碳酸盐等。取100g工业氢氧化钠溶于1L无水乙醇（不含乙醛）中，在不含二氧化碳、湿气的干燥空气中过滤，去除氯化物、碳酸盐、硅酸盐等杂质，浓缩滤液去除乙醇，随着浓缩分离掉生成的固体乙醇钠。用纯无水乙醇洗涤数次，长时间减压加热去除残留的乙醇，则得到纯度为99.8%左右的氢氧化钠。

采用电解法和苛化法。电解法又分为水银电解法和隔膜电解法。水银电解法将食盐化盐后，加入纯碱、烧碱和氯化钡除去钨、镁和硫酸根等杂质。经澄清、砂滤、加盐酸，再经预热、电解而得。隔膜电解法是将食盐化盐后，加入纯碱、烧碱和氯化钡，除去钨、镁和硫酸根而得。

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氢氧化钠海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2815110000

氢氧化钠文献

Aptamer-based polyvalent ligands for regulated cell attachment on the hydrogel surface.

Biomacromolecules 16(4) , 1382-9, (2015)

Natural biomolecules are often used to functionalize materials to achieve desired cell-material interactions. However, their applications can be limited owing to denaturation during the material funct...

Osmoregulatory bicarbonate secretion exploits H(+)-sensitive haemoglobins to autoregulate intestinal O2 delivery in euryhaline teleosts.

J. Comp. Physiol. B, Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. 184(7) , 865-76, (2014)

Marine teleost fish secrete bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)) into the intestine to aid osmoregulation and limit Ca(2+) uptake by carbonate precipitation. Intestinal HCO3 (-) secretion is associated with an equi...

Polymerization of affinity ligands on a surface for enhanced ligand display and cell binding.

Biomacromolecules 15(12) , 4561-9, (2014)

Surfaces functionalized with affinity ligands have been widely studied for applications such as biological separations and cell regulation. While individual ligands can be directly conjugated onto a s...

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氢氧化钠是什么？氢氧化钠的作用和用途有哪些？

2019-07-26 16:33:32

氢氧化钠，俗名火碱、烧碱、苛性钠。它在常温下是一种白色晶体，具有强腐蚀性，易溶于水，其水溶液呈强碱性，能使酚酞变红。氢氧化钠是一种极常用的碱，是化学实验室的必备药品之一。它的溶液可以用作洗涤液。另外纯碱（学名碳酸钠）实际上是个盐，由于它在水中发生水解作用而使溶液呈碱性，再由于它和烧碱有某些相似的性...

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氢氧化钠

氢氧化钠用途

氢氧化钠名称

氢氧化钠物理化学性质

氢氧化钠MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氢氧化钠毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

氢氧化钠安全信息

氢氧化钠合成路线

详细合成路线

氢氧化钠制备

氢氧化钠海关

氢氧化钠文献

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