Loxapine hydrochloride is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent[1][4].
Sulamserod is a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, with antiarrhythmic activities.
CP-135807 is an orally active and selective 5-HT1D agonist (IC50=3.1 nM), bovine). CP-135807 mediates central psychoactivity and can be used in antidepressant research[1][2].
F13714 fumarate, a selective 5-HT1A receptor biased agonist, shows antidepressant-like properties after a single administration in the mouse model of chronic mild stress[1].
Eltoprazine (DU 28853) dihydrochloride is a 5-HT1A/5-HT1B receptors agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Eltoprazine dihydrochloride shows antiaggressive and anxiogenic effects[1][2].
Apomorphine is an orally active agonist of Dopamine receptor. Apomorphine can be used in study Parkinson, biphasic dyskinesias, urinary dysfunction,,dystonia, dyspnoea, anismus and belching[1].
5-HT3 antagonist 5 is a quinoxalin-2-carboxamide compound, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. 5-HT3 antagonist 5 exerts antagonism on 5-HT3 agonist and 2-methyl-5-HT, and shows anti-depressant effect in mice[1].
SB-200646 is the first selective 5-HT2B/2C over 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with pKi values of 7.5, 6.9 and 5.2 for 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A, respectively. SB-200646 is orally active and has electrophysiological and anxiolytic properties in vivo[1][2].
WAY-100135 dihydrochloride is a selective antagonist at presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor, with an IC50 of 34 nM at the rat hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor. WAY-100135 dihydrochloride has potential antipsychotic properties[1][2].
LY 344864 racemate is a 5-HT1F receptor agonist extracted from patent US 5708187 A.
Repinotan hydrochloride (BAY x 3702) is a potent, selective, brain-penetrant and orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with Ki values of 0.19 nM (calf hippocampus), 0.25 nM (rat and human cortex), and 0.59 nM (rat hippocampus Repinotan hydrochloride has a weak affinity for other related receptors. Repinotan hydrochloride has pronounced neuroprotective effects[1].
Eletriptan-d5 is the deuterium labeled Eletriptan[1]. Eletriptan (UK-116044) is a highly selective and orally active serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist, with pKi values of 8.0 and 8.9, respectively. Eletriptan has inhibitory effects on markers of neurogenic inflammation in rats. Eletriptan can be used for researching migraine[2].
Lurasidone-d8 is deuterium labeled Lurasidone. Lurasidone (SM-13496) is an antagonist of both dopamine D2 and 5-HT7 with IC50s of 1.68 and 0.495 nM, respectively. Lurasidone (SM-13496) is also a partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptor with an IC50 of 6.75 nM.
Aripiprazole(Abilify) is a human 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist with a Ki of 4.2 nM. IC50 Value: 4.2 nM(Ki)Target: 5-HT ReceptorAripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has also recently received FDA approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Aripiprazole appears to mediate its antipsychotic effects primarily by partial agonism at the D2 receptor. In addition to partial agonist activity at the D2 receptor, aripiprazole is also a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor, and like the other atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole displays an antagonist profile at the 5-HT2A receptor. Aripiprazole has moderate affinity for histamine and alpha adrenergic receptors, and no appreciable affinity for cholinergic muscarinic receptors.
Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) hydrochloride, an atypical orally active antipsychotic drug, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine D2L receptor with Kis of 0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. Brexpiprazole hydrochloride is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM. Brexpiprazole hydrochloride also shows potent antagonist activity at human noradrenergic α1B (Ki=0.17 nM) and α2C receptors (Ki=0.59 nM)[1][2].
Ziprasidone (CP-88059) mesylate trihydrate is an orally active combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist[1]. Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM)[1].
Mirtazapine D3 (Org3770 D3; 6-Azamianserin D3) is a deuterium labeled Mirtazapine. Mirtazapine is a 5-HT receptor inhibitor. Mirtazapine is a potent and orally active noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) agent by blocking 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors[1].
Methylergometrine maleate (Methylergonovine maleate) is an ergot alkaloid and an active metabolite of Methysergide with vasoconstrictive and uterotonic activity. Methylergometrine maleate is a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT receptors antagonist with a pA2 value of 9.6. Methylergometrine maleate has antimigraine and dopaminergic activity. Methylergometrine maleate can used for the prevention and control of postpartum hemorrhage[1][2][3].
Dehydroaripiprazole (OPC-14857) is an active metabolite of Aripiprazole. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic agent and is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 forming mainly Dehydroaripiprazole. Dehydroaripiprazole has with antipsychotic activity equivalent to Aripiprazole[1][2][3].
Clozapine D8 (HF 1854 D8) is the deuterium labeled Clozapine. Clozapine, an antipsychotic, is a potent antagonist of dopamine and a number of other receptors, with a Ki of 9.5 nM for muscarinic M1 receptor. Clozapine is also a potent and selective agonist at the muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM)[1][2][3][4].
Loxapine Succinate is a D2DR and D4DR inhibitor, serotonergic receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent.IC50 value: Target: D2DR/D4DR; 5-HT receptorin vitro: In the presence of Loxapine, [3H]ketanserin binds to 5-HT2 receptor in Frontal cortex of brain in human and bovine with ki value of 6.2 nM and 6.6 nM, respectively. Loxapine has the rank order of potency for the various receptors appears to be as follows:5-HT2≥D4>>>D1>D2 in comparing competition experiments involving the human membranes [1]. Loxapine 0.2 μM, 2 μM and 20 μM reduces IL-1beta secretion by LPS-activated mixed glia cultures after 1 and 3 days of exposure. Loxapine in concentrations of 0.2 μM, 2 μM and 20 μM reduces IL-2 secretion in mixed glia cultures after 1 and 3 days of exposure, and additionally Loxapine decreases IL-1beta and IL-2 secretion in LPS-induced microglia cultures in concentrations of 2 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM [2].in vivo: Loxapine (5 mg/kg) induces a very significant reduction (more than 50%) of serotonin (S2) receptor density after 4 weeks or 10 weeks of daily injection in the rat. Loxapine (5 mg/kg) does not change dopamine receptor density but greatly reduces serotonin receptor density by 47% in the brain of rats [3].
SCH-23390-d3 (R-(+)-SCH-23390-d3) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled SCH-23390 hydrochloride. SCH-23390 hydrochloride (R-(+)-SCH-23390 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist with Kis of 0.2 nM and 0.3 nM for the D1 and D5 receptor, respectively. SCH-23390 hydrochloride is a potent and high efficacy human 5-HT2C receptor agonist with a Ki of 9.3 nM. SCH-23390 hydrochloride also binds with high affinity to the 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C receptors. SCH-23390 hydrochloride inhibits G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels with an IC50 of 268 nM[1][2][3].
Metoclopramide-d3 is deuterium labeled Metoclopramide. Metoclopramide is a potent antagonist of 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor, with IC50s of 308 nM and 483 nM, respectively. Metoclopramide can be used for the research of nausea and vomiting, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and gastroparesis[1][2].
Rizatriptan Benzoate(Maxalt) is a 5-HT1 agonist triptan drug for the treatment of migraine headaches.Target: 5-HT1 agonist Rizatriptan Benzoate(Maxalt) is a 5-HT1 agonist triptan drug for the treatment of migraine headaches. It is believed to work by narrowing the blood vessels around the brain. Rizatriptan also reduces the substances in the body, which can also reduce headache pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound and other migraine symptoms.Rizatriptan was rapidly absorbed with a median tmax of 1.3 h (range 1-3 h) vs a tmax for sumatriptan of 2.5 h (range 1-4 h, P < 0.001). Administration of either rizatriptan or sumatriptan produced maximal mean elevations of 5-10 mmHg in systolic and diastolic blood pressures without effect on heart rate; the changes occurred sooner following rizatriptan, consistent with more rapid absorption. Both rizatriptan and sumatriptan provoked mild increases in serum growth hormone without any effect on serum prolactin concentrations. The most commonly reported symptom following rizatriptan was drowsiness.
Lasmiditan (COL-144; LY573144) is a high-affinity, highly selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist(Ki=2.1 nM), compared with Ki of 1043 nM and 1357 nM at the 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors, respectively.IC50 value: 2.1 nM (Ki, 5-HT1F); >1000 nM (Ki, 5-HT1B/5-HT1D) [1]Target: 5-HT1F receptorin vitro: In vitro binding studies Lasmiditan showed a K(i) value of 2.21 nM at the 5-HT(1F) receptor, compared with K(i) values of 1043 nM and 1357 nM at the 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors, respectively, a selectivity ratio greater than 470-fold. Lasmiditan showed higher selectivity for the 5-HT(1F) receptor relative to other 5-HT(1) receptor subtypes than the first generation 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist LY334370. Unlike the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist sumatriptan, lasmiditan did not contract rabbit saphenous vein rings, a surrogate assay for human coronary artery constriction, at concentrations up to 100 μM [1].in vivo: In two rodent models of migraine, oral administration of lasmiditan potently inhibited markers associated with electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion (dural plasma protein extravasation, and induction of the immediate early gene c-Fos in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis) [1]. Two RCTs in the phase II development of lasmiditan was reviewed. In the intravenous placebo-controlled RCT, lasmiditan doses of 2.5-45 mg were used, and there was a linear association between headache relief (HR) rates and dose levels (P < 0.02). For lasmiditan 20 mg, HR was 64 % and for placebo it was 45 % (NS). In the oral placebo-controlled RCT, lasmiditan doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg were used. For HR, all doses of lasmiditan were superior to placebo (P < 0.05). For lasmiditan 400 mg, HR was 64 % and it was 25 % for placebo. Adverse events (AEs) emerging from the treatment were reported by 22 % of the patients receiving placebo and by 65, 73, 87 and 87 % of patients receiving 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg, respectively [2].
Lerisetron is a potent 5-HT3 antagonists and possess high-affinity binding for the 5-HT3 receptors with pKi value of 9.2. Lerisetron has a potent ability to inhibit the 5-HT-evoked reflex bradycardia in urethane-anesthetized rats[1].
Eplivanserin is a potent, selective and orally available 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in rat cortical membrane, and a Kd of 1.14 nM.
WAY-100635 Maleate is a potent and selective 5-HT1A Receptor antagonist with a pIC50 of 8.87, an apparent pA2 of 9.71.
(-)-Eseroline fumarate is a metabolic of Physostigmine (HY-N6608), an AChE inhibitor. (-)-Eseroline fumarate elicits a leakage of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) from cancer cells. (-)-Eseroline fumarate also induces the release of adenine nucleotides and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from neuronal cells, thus induce cell death. (-)-Eseroline fumarate inhibits the electrically evoked twitches of the mouse vas deferens and of the guinea-pig ileum[1][2].
Ipsapirone (TVX Q 7821), an anxiolytic compound and a 5-HT1A partial agonist, also exhibits 5-HT1A antagonistic effect, and only at high doses it can also produce an inhibitory effect on 5-HT2 and the α1-adrenergic function[1][2].