4618-18-2

• 常用中文名：乳果糖
• 常用英文名：Lactulose
• CAS号：4618-18-2
• 分子式：C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
• 分子量：342.297
• 相关类别： 原料药 水、电解质及酸碱平衡调节药 葡萄糖类药
• 发布时间：2018-02-05 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 12:08:50
• Lactulose是一种不易吸收的糖, 可用于治疗便秘和肝性脑病。一般给药8到12小时后开始发挥药效, 但可能需要两天时间改善便秘。

名称

• 中文名: 乳果糖
• 英文名: lactulose
• 中文别名: 异构化乳糖液
• 英文别名: laevolac; (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol; MFCD00151469; Lactulose; Cholac; Enulose; Liforos; 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranose; Caloryl; 4-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-fructofuranose; cephulac; (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy}-6-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol; MLS-50; 4-b-d-galactosido-d-fructose; EINECS 225-027-7; 4-O-β-δ-Galactopyranosyl-δ-fructose; β-D-Fructofuranose, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-; Lagnos; (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol; 4-O-b-D-Galactosyl-D-fructose; Duphalac; Piarle; (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol; 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose

物化性质

• 密度: 1.32 g/cm3
• 沸点: 680.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: ~169 °C (dec.)
• 分子式: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
• 分子量: 342.297
• 闪点: 365.4±31.5 °C
• 精确质量: 342.116211
• PSA: 197.37000
• LogP: -3.21
• 外观性状: 白色粉末
• 蒸汽压: 0.0±4.8 mmHg at 25°C
• 折射率: 1.656
• 储存条件:

  常温，避光，通风干燥处，密封保存

• 稳定性:

  淡黄色透明的黏稠液体(含量50%以上)，有清凉甜味，甜度为蔗糖的48%～62%。与蔗糖并用，甜度可增加。相对密度1.35，折射率1.47。可溶于水，在水中的溶解度为70%(25℃)。小白鼠经口LD₅₀21.5g/kg，大白鼠经口LD₅₀47.2g/kg。

• 水溶解性: 76.4 G/100 ML (30 ºC)
• 分子结构:

  1、 摩尔折射率：71.26

  2、 摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：202.0

  3、 等张比容（90.2K）：646.7

  4、 表面张力（dyne/cm）：105.0

  5、 极化率（10^-24cm³）：28.25

• 计算化学:

  1、 疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：-4.3

  2、 氢键供体数量：8

  3、 氢键受体数量：11

  4、 可旋转化学键数量：5

  5、 拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：190

  6、 重原子数量：23

  7、 表面电荷：0

  8、 复杂度：395

  9、 同位素原子数量：0

  10、 确定原子立构中心数量：9

  11、 不确定原子立构中心数量：0

  12、 确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  13、 不确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  14、 共价键单元数量：1

• 更多:

  1. 性状：淡黄色透明的黏稠液体，有清凉甜味.

  2. 密度(g/mL , 25 ºC)：不确定

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：不确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：169

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：不确定

  6. 沸点（ºC,3.5mmHg）：不确定

  7. 折射率：不确定

  8. 闪点（ºF）：不确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：不确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：不确定

  11. 蒸气压（kPa,25ºC）：不确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：不确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：不确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：不确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：不确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：不确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：不确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：不确定

  19. 溶解性：不确定

生物活性

• 描述: Lactulose是一种不易吸收的糖, 可用于治疗便秘和肝性脑病。一般给药8到12小时后开始发挥药效, 但可能需要两天时间改善便秘。
• 相关类别:
  信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他
  研究领域 >> 其他

MSDS

Name: Lactulose 50 Wt% Solution in Water Material Safety Data Sheet Synonym: 4-Ortho-Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-Fructose; Isolactos CAS: 4618-18-2 Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Lactulose 50 Wt% Solution in Water Material Safety Data Sheet Synonym:4-Ortho-Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-Fructose; Isolactos Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS CAS# Chemical Name content EINECS# 4618-18-2 D-Fructose, 4-O-Beta-D-Galactopyranosy 50 225-027-7 Hazard Symbols: None Listed. Risk Phrases: None Listed. Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated. Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated. Skin: May cause skin irritation. The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Low hazard for usual industrial handling. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Low hazard for usual industrial handling. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated. Chronic: No information found. Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. If irritation develops, get medical aid. Skin: Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Wash mouth out with water. Get medical aid if irritation or symptoms occur. Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. Notes to Physician: Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. Extinguishing Media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam. Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks: Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash hands before eating. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use with adequate ventilation. Storage: Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. No special precautions indicated. Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION Engineering Controls: Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. Exposure Limits CAS# 4618-18-2: CAS# 7732-18-5: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced. Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical State: Crystalline powder Color: clear light yellow Odor: Not available. pH: Not available. Vapor Pressure: Not available. Viscosity: Not available. Boiling Point: Not available. Freezing/Melting Point: 173.00 - 178.00 deg C Autoignition Temperature: Not available. Flash Point: Not available. Explosion Limits, lower: N/A Explosion Limits, upper: N/A Decomposition Temperature: Solubility in water: 76.4% (30 c) Specific Gravity/Density: Molecular Formula: C12H22O11 Molecular Weight: 342.28 Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, dust generation, excess heat, strong oxidants. Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Oxidizing agents. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide. Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION RTECS#: CAS# 4618-18-2: LS6965000 CAS# 7732-18-5: ZC0110000 LD50/LC50: CAS# 4618-18-2: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 31 gm/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 18160 mg/kg. CAS# 7732-18-5: Oral, rat: LD50 = >90 mL/kg. Carcinogenicity: D-Fructose, 4-O-Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl- - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP. Water - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP. Other: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information. Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations. Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION IATA Not regulated as a hazardous material. IMO Not regulated as a hazardous material. RID/ADR Not regulated as a hazardous material. Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives Hazard Symbols: Not available. Risk Phrases: Safety Phrases: S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 28A After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S 37 Wear suitable gloves. S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 4618-18-2: No information available. CAS# 7732-18-5: No information available. Canada CAS# 4618-18-2 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 4618-18-2 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List. CAS# 7732-18-5 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List. US FEDERAL TSCA CAS# 4618-18-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory. CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

生态学数据: 通常对水是不危害的，若无政府许可，勿将材料排入周围环境. CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : LS6965000 CHEMICAL NAME : Fructofuranose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-, D- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 4618-18-2 BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0093773 LAST UPDATED : 199706 DATA ITEMS CITED : 16 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C12-H22-O11 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 342.34 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T6OTJ B1Q CQ DQ EQ FO- DT5OTJ BQ B1Q CQ E1Q HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 40 mg/kg/3D TOXIC EFFECTS : Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium REFERENCE : DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,70,1984 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 18160 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,301,1990 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 16 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : BCFAAI Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. (Societa Editoriale Farmaceutica, Via Ausonio 12, 20123 Milan, Italy) V.33- 1894- Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,596,1976 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 33500 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 13500 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 31 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 15800 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 29600 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 9960 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : >12 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 24 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 648 gm/kg/6W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 2592 gm/kg/24W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Blood - normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data - death REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 864 gm/kg/12W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Related to Chronic Data - death REFERENCE : KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3711 No. of Facilities: 87 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 2324 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1102 (estimated)

安全

• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
• 危害码 (欧洲): Xi
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S24/25
• 危险品运输编码: NONH for all modes of transport
• WGK德国: 2
• RTECS号: LS6965000

合成路线

57-48-7 133-99-3 ~% 4618-18-2

文献：Vera, Carlos; Guerrero, Cecilia; Illanes, Andres Carbohydrate Research, 2011 , vol. 346, # 6 p. 745 - 752

63-42-3 ~% 4618-18-2

文献：Song, Yoon-Seok; Lee, Hee-Uk; Park, Chulhwan; Kim, Seung-Wook Carbohydrate Research, 2013 , vol. 369, p. 1 - 5

57-48-7 63-42-3 ~% 4618-18-2

文献：Guerrero, Cecilia; Vera, Carlos; Plou, Francisco; Illanes, Andres Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2011 , vol. 72, # 3-4 p. 206 - 212

2305-06-8 ~% 4618-18-2

文献：Bots Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 1957 , vol. 76, p. 515,516 Full Text Show Details Kuhn; Krueger Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1959 , vol. 628, p. 240,250 Anm. 28 a

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制备

1.以乳糖为原料，用氢氧化钠为异构化剂经反应而得。

2.由乳糖在碱的作用下异构化而得。主要成分异构化乳糖含量50%以上，水分30%，其余为未反应的乳糖及其分解产物果糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖。

3.由乳糖在碱的作用下异构化而得。