| 中文名 |
石油醚
|
| 英文名 |
Petroleum ether
|
| 中文别名 |
石油精
里格罗因
|
| 英文别名 |
Benzine (light petroleum distillate)
EINECS 232-453-7
PE
MFCD00081849
Ligroine
|
| 密度 |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| 沸点 |
78.8±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| 熔点 |
-40ºC
|
| 分子式 |
C6H6
|
| 分子量 |
78.112
|
| 闪点 |
-11.1±0.0 °C
|
| 精确质量 |
78.046951
|
| LogP |
2.22
|
| 外观性状 |
透明液体
|
| 蒸汽密度 |
2.5 (vs air)
|
| 蒸汽压 |
100.9±0.1 mmHg at 25°C
|
| 折射率 |
1.499
|
| 储存条件 |
储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过37℃。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。
|
| 稳定性 |
1.不溶于水,能与丙酮、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、苯、氯仿以及甲醇以上的高级醇等混溶。能溶解香豆酮树脂、甘油三松香酸酯等合成树脂。部分溶解松香、沥青、乳香和芳香类树脂。不溶解虫胶和生物碱。油脂除蓖麻油外多数液体油脂可溶,固体脂肪微溶。脂肪酸可溶,羟基酸难溶,故可用石油醚将脂肪酸中混有的羟基酸分离出来。生橡胶和硫化橡胶在石油醚中显著溶胀。氯化橡胶、硝酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素、苄基纤维素等在石油醚中不溶解。
2.稳定性 稳定
3.禁配物 强氧化剂
4.聚合危害 不聚合
|
| 更多 |
1.性状:无色透明液体,有特殊臭味,易挥发。
2.熔点(℃):<-73
3.沸点(℃):30~130
4.相对密度(水=1):0.6~0.7
5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.50
6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):5.332(20℃)
7.闪点(℃):<-20
8.引燃温度(℃):232~280
9.爆炸上限(%):8.7
10.爆炸下限(%):1.1
11.溶解性:不溶于水,溶于无水乙醇、苯、氯仿、油类、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。
|
毒理学数据:
1.急性毒性 LD50:40mg/kg(小鼠静脉)
2.刺激性 暂无资料
生态学数据:
1.生态毒性 暂无资料
2.生物降解性 暂无资料
3.非生物降解性 暂无资料
4.其他有害作用 该物质对环境有危害,应特别注意对地表水、土壤、大气和饮用水的污染。
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
-
OI6180000
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CHEMICAL NAME :
-
Ligroine
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
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8032-32-4
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LAST UPDATED :
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199712
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
Standard Draize test
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration into the eye
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
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REFERENCE :
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TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,263,1975 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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3400 ppm/4H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness
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REFERENCE :
-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,263,1975
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
-
153 gm/m3/31M
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
-
REFERENCE :
-
BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,235,1921
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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40 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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REFERENCE :
-
PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,765,1973 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
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DOSE :
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300 mg/m3/4H
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SEX/DURATION :
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female 1-19 day(s) after conception
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REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56(9),35,1991 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 1370 mg/m3 (300 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO VM & P NAPHTHA-air:10H TWA 350 mg/m3;CL 1800 mg/m3/15M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0630 No. of Facilities: 1437 (estimated) No. of Industries: 21 No. of Occupations: 22 No. of Employees: 10998 (estimated) NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M2829 No. of Facilities: 182022 (estimated) No. of Industries: 459 No. of Occupations: 231 No. of Employees: 2414497 (estimated) NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - T0180 No. of Facilities: 1133 (estimated) No. of Industries: 16 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 3524 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0630 No. of Facilities: 5 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 1674 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 109 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - T0180 No. of Facilities: 93614 (estimated) No. of Industries: 337 No. of Occupations: 196 No. of Employees: 1319179 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 164513 (estimated)
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石油醚为轻质石油产品,是低相对分子质量烷烃类的混合物。其沸程为30~150℃,收集的温度区间一般 为30℃左右。有30~60℃,60~90℃,90~120℃等沸程规格的石油醚。其中含有少量不饱和烃,沸点与烷 烃相近,用蒸馏法无法分离。 石油醚的精制通常将石油醚用其体积的浓硫酸洗涤2~3次,再用10%硫酸加入高锰酸钾配成的饱和溶液洗 涤,直至水层中的紫色不再消失为止。然后再用水洗,经无水氯化钙干燥后蒸馏。若需绝对干燥的石油 醚,可加入钠丝(与纯化无水乙醚相同)。
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