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75-09-2

75-09-2结构式
75-09-2结构式
  • 常用中文名:二氯甲烷
  • 常用英文名:Dichloromethane
  • CAS号:75-09-2
  • 分子式:CH2Cl2
  • 分子量:84.933
  • 相关类别: 有机原料 烃类化合物及其衍生物 烃类卤化物
  • 发布时间:2018-02-07 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2024-01-02 14:09:35
  • 【用途一】
    用作溶剂,也用于有机合成
    【用途二】
    是不燃性低沸点溶剂,作醋酸纤维素成膜、气溶胶和抗菌素、维生素生产中的溶剂,也用作萃取剂、金属清洗剂等
    【用途三】
    二氯甲烷是杀菌剂腈菌唑和咪菌唑生产的原料,也是一种很好的溶剂。
    【用途四】
    萃取溶剂。如用于萃取咖啡豆中的咖啡因。并用作酒花、香辛料油树脂等抽提溶剂。色素稀释剂。
    【用途五】
    该品除用于有机合成外,还广泛用作醋酸纤维素成膜,三醋酸纤维素抽丝,石油脱蜡,气溶胶和抗生素、维生素、甾族化合物生产中的溶剂,以及金属表面漆层清洗脱脂及脱膜剂。此外,还用于谷物熏蒸和低压冷冻机及空调装置的制冷。在聚醚型尿烷泡沫塑料生产中用作辅助发泡剂,以及用作挤压聚砜型泡沫塑料的发泡剂。

化源商城直购

中文名 二氯甲烷
英文名 dichloromethane
中文别名 甲叉二氯
亚甲基氯
亚甲基二氯
英文别名 Methane,dichloro
Solaesthin
Freon 30
Methane dichloride
methylene chloride
Dichloromethane
EINECS 200-838-9
Solmethine
Methylene bichloride
methylene dichloride
MFCD00672695
密度 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
沸点 39.6±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
熔点 -97 °C
分子式 CH2Cl2
分子量 84.933
闪点 -14.1±22.4 °C
精确质量 83.953354
LogP 1.19
外观性状 一种无色液体带有一种甜的,渗透的,像醚的气味
蒸汽密度 2.9 (vs air)
蒸汽压 448.0±0.0 mmHg at 25°C
折射率 1.398
储存条件

储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不超过32℃,相对湿度不超过80%。保持容器密封。应与碱金属、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

稳定性

1.毒性很小,且中毒后苏醒较快,故可用作麻醉剂。对皮肤及黏膜有刺激性。年轻成年大鼠经口LD50:1.6mL/kg。空气中最高容许浓度500×10-6。操作时应戴防毒面具,发现中毒后立即脱离现场,对症治疗。在甲烷的氯化物中最小。蒸气的麻醉性强,大量吸入会引起急性中毒,出现鼻腔疼痛、头痛、呕吐等症状。慢性中毒时会引起眼花、疲倦、食欲不振、造血功能受损、红血球减少。液体二氯甲烷与皮肤接触引起皮炎。大鼠吸入浓度90.5g/m3蒸气90分钟死亡。嗅觉阈浓度522mg/m3,工作场所最高容许浓度为1740mg/m3。

2.稳定性 稳定

3.禁配物 碱金属、铝

4.避免接触的条件 光照、潮湿空气

5.聚合危害 不聚合

6.分解产物 氯化氢、光气

水溶解性 20 g/L (20 ºC)
分子结构

1、摩尔折射率:16.38

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):67.8

3、等张比容(90.2K):148.8

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):23.1

5、极化率:6.49

计算化学

1、疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):1.5

2、氢键供体数量:0

3、氢键受体数量:0

4、可旋转化学键数量:0

5、拓扑分子极性表面积(TPSA):0

6、重原子数量:3

7、表面电荷:0

8、复杂度:2.8

9、同位素原子数量:0

10、确定原子立构中心数量:0

11、不确定原子立构中心数量:0

12、确定化学键立构中心数量:0

13、不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14、共价键单元数量:1

更多

1.性状:无色透明液体,有芳香气味。

2.熔点(℃):-95

3.沸点(℃):39.8

4.相对密度(水=1):1.33

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.93

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):46.5(20℃)

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-604.9

8.临界温度(℃):237

9.临界压力(MPa):6.08

10.辛醇/水分配系数:1.25

11.闪点(℃):-4

12.引燃温度(℃):556

13.爆炸上限(%):22

14.爆炸下限(%):14

15.溶解性:微溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚。

16.黏度(mPa·s,20ºC):0.425

17.相对密度(25℃,4℃):1.3162

18.燃点(ºC):662

19.蒸发热(KJ/mol,b.p.):329.5

20.熔化热(KJ/mol):4.187

21.生成热(KJ/mol,25ºC,液体):121.54

22.燃烧热(KJ/kg,25ºC,液体):558.27

23.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),20ºC):0.992

24.电导率(S/m,25ºC):4.3×10-11

25.蒸气压(kPa,0ºC):19.7

26.蒸气压(kPa,10ºC):30.6

27.蒸气压(kPa,20ºC):46.5

28.蒸气压(kPa,30ºC):68.2

29.蒸气压(kPa,35ºC):80.00

30.体膨胀系数(K-1,10~40ºC,液体):0.00137

31.常温折射率(n25):1.4213

32.偏心因子:0.192

33.Lennard-Jones参数(A):9.951

34.Lennard-Jones参数(K):150.5

35.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:20.378

36.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):4.990×109

37.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):34.710

38.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :-95.4

39.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :270.44

40.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-68.8

41.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):50.88

42.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):-124.26

43.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :178.7

44.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-70.42

45.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):100.0

国标编号: 61552
CAS: 75-09-2
中文名称: 二氯甲烷
英文名称: dichloromethane
别 名: 二叉二氯
分子式: CH2Cl2;H2CCl2
分子量: 84.94 沸点:39.8℃
熔 点: -96.7℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)1.33;
蒸汽压:
溶解性: 微溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色透明液体,有芳香气味
危险标记: 15(有害品)
用 途: 用作树脂及塑料工业的溶剂

2. 对环境的影响
该物质对环境可能有危害,在地下水中有蓄积作用。对水生生物应给特别注意。还应注意对大气的污染。
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害:本品有麻醉作用,主要损害中枢神经和呼吸系统。人类接触的主要途径是吸入。已经测得,在室内的生产环境中,当使用二氯甲烷作除漆剂时,有高浓度的二氯甲烷存在。一般人群通过周围空气、饮用水和食品的接触,剂量要低得多。据估计,在二氯甲烷的世界产量中,大约80%被释放到大气中去,但是由于该化合物光解的速率很快,使之不可能在大气中蓄积。其初始降解产物为光气和一氧化碳,进而再转变成二氧化碳和盐酸。当二氯甲烷存在于地表水中时,其大部分将蒸发。有氧存在时,则易于生物降解,因而生物蓄积似乎不大可能。但对其在土壤中的行为尚须测定。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:经口属中等毒性。
急性毒性:LD 501600~2000mg/kg(大鼠经口);LC 5056.2g/m 3,8小时(小鼠吸入);小鼠吸入67.4g/m 3×67分钟,致死;人经口20~50ml,轻度中毒;人经口100~150ml,致死;人吸入2.9~4.0g/m 3,20分钟后眩晕。
亚急性和慢性毒性:大鼠吸入4.69g/m 3,8小时/天,75天,无病理改变。暴露时间增加,有轻度肝萎缩、脂肪变性和细胞浸润。
致突变性:微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌5700ppm。DNA 抑制:人成纤维细胞5000ppm/小时(连续)。
生殖毒性:大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL 0)1250ppm(7小时,孕6~15天),引起肌肉骨骼发育异常,泌尿生殖系统发育异常。
致癌性:IARC致癌性评论:动物阳性,人类不明确。关于病人是否应把二氯甲烷视为动物和人的致癌物,动物实验数据和人类流行病学数据尚不充分。然而,鉴于最近在对大鼠和小鼠的吸入研究中的发现,且这些数据在任务组会议之后已可加以应用,故应将二氯甲烷视为一种对人类潜在的致癌物。
危险特性:遇明火高热可燃。受热分解能发出剧毒的光气。若遇高热,容器内压增大,有开裂和爆炸的危险。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化氢、光气。

3、现场应急监测方法


便携式气相色谱法;水质检测管法;气体检测管法
气体速测管(德国德尔格公司产品)

4、实验室监测方法

监测方法 来源 类别
气相色谱法 《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版),杭士平主编 空气
吹扫捕集-气相色谱法 中国环境监测总站 水质
气相色谱法 《固体废弃物试验与分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译 固体废弃物
气相色谱法 《城市和工业废水中有机化合物分析》王克欧等译 废水
色谱/质谱法 美国EPA524.2方法 水质

5、环境标准

前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 50mg/m3
中国(待颁布) 饮用水源中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.02mg/L
中国(GHZB1-1999) 地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域) 0.005mg/L
前苏联(1975) 水体中有害物质最高允许浓度 7.5mg/L
日本(1993) 环境标准(mg/L) 地面水:0.002
废水:0.02
土壤浸出液:0.002
  嗅觉阈浓度 150ppm

6、应急处理处置方法


一、泄漏应急处理
迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,度进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或勘察不烯材料吸附或吸收。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或控坑收容;用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
废弃物处置方法:建议用焚烧法处置。废料同其他燃料混合后焚烧,燃烧要充分,防止生成光气。焚烧炉排气中的氮氧化物通过酸洗涤器除去。
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护:空气中浓度超标时,应该柚戴直接式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,佩戴空气呼吸器。
眼睛防护:必要时,戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护:穿防毒物渗透工作服。
手防护:戴防化学品手套。
其它:工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕,沐浴更衣。单独存放被污染的衣服,洗后备用。注意个人清洁卫生。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。
眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入:饮足量温水,催吐,就医。
灭火方法:雾状水、砂土、泡沫、二氧化碳。

毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性

LD50:1600~2000mg/kg(大鼠经口)

LC50:88000mg/m3(大鼠吸入,1/2h)

2.刺激性

家兔经皮:810mg(24h),重度刺激。

家兔经眼:162mg,中度刺激。

3.亚急性与慢性毒性

大鼠吸入4.69g/m3,每天8h,共75d,无病理改变。暴露时间增加,有轻度肝萎缩、脂肪变性和细胞浸润。

4.致突变性 微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门菌5700ppm。DNA抑制:人成纤维细胞5000ppm(1h)(连续)。DNA损伤:仓鼠卵巢3000ppm。姐妹染色单体交换:仓鼠肺5000ppm(1h)(连续性)

5.致畸性 大鼠孕后6~15d吸入给予最低中毒剂量(TCLo)1250ppm(7h),致肌肉骨骼系统和泌尿生殖系统发育畸形。

6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论:G2B,可疑人类致癌物。

7.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCLo):1250ppm(7h)(孕6~15d),引起肌肉骨骼发育异常,泌尿生殖系统发育异常。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性

LC50:193mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼,动态);310mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼,静态);200~250mg/L(96h)(蓝鳃太阳鱼,静态);224mg/L(48h)(水蚤);256mg/L(96h)(糖虾)

2.生物降解性

好氧生物降解(h):168~672

厌氧生物降解(h):672~2688

3.非生物降解性

光解最大光吸收波长范围(nm):220~250

空气中光氧化半衰期-高(h):458~4584

一级水解半衰期(h):704a

4.其他有害作用 该物质对环境有危害,在地下水中有蓄积作用。对水生生物应给予特别注意。还应注意对大气的污染。

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
PA8050000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Methane, dichloro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
75-09-2
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1730800
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
119
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C-H2-Cl2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
84.93
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
G1G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
357 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - paresthesis Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ppm/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Cardiac - change in rate
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ppm/8H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - euphoria
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
52 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
916 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
14400 ppm/7H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
437 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
6460 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4770 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
14108 ppm/7H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction) Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
950 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - liver function tests impaired
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
43400 mg/m3/4.5H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
10000 ppm/7H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
2700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1225 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
5000 ppm/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
91 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - fluid intake Liver - fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3700 ppm/5H/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5000 ppm/24H/14W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
8400 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
44 mg/m3/24H/96D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
39270 mg/kg/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1862 mg/kg/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
13000 ppm/6H/19D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
150 ppm/24H/30D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other esterases
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
5000 ppm/24H/7D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
300 ppm/24H/90D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other esterases
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
1000 ppm/24H/7W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal) Musculoskeletal - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
5000 ppm/24H/32D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
552 ppm/6H/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3500 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Endocrine - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2000 ppm/5H/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
4500 ppm/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1250 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1250 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 367,143,1996 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 174 mg/m3 (50 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,43,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,43,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,194,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FAZMAE Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progress in Drug Research. (Birkhauser Boston, Inc., c/o Springer-Verlag New York, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,365,1974 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 500 ppm (1750 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,171,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 500 ppm;CL 1000 ppm;Pk 2000 ppm/5M/2H CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):see 56 FR 57036 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 500 ppm (1740 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 500 ppm (1740 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (350 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 50 ppm (174 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 50 ppm (175 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (350 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (870 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 10 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 100 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (350 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPINES:TWA 500 ppm (1740 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 35 ppm (120 mg/m3);STEL 70 ppm (250 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 500 mg/m3;STEL 1000 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 500 ppm (1740 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (350 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO METHYLENE CHLORIDE-air:CA lowest feasible concentration REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 47270 No. of Facilities: 89025 (estimated) No. of Industries: 374 No. of Occupations: 192 No. of Employees: 975696 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 47270 No. of Facilities: 87086 (estimated) No. of Industries: 363 No. of Occupations: 212 No. of Employees: 1438196 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 352536 (estimated)

符号 GHS07 GHS08
GHS07, GHS08
信号词 Warning
危害声明 H315-H319-H335-H336-H351-H373
警示性声明 P261-P281-P305 + P351 + P338
靶器官 Blood, Central nervous system, Liver
个人防护装备 Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)
危害码 (欧洲) Xn:Harmful
风险声明 (欧洲) R40
安全声明 (欧洲) S23-S24/25-S36/37-S45-S16-S7
危险品运输编码 UN 1593 6.1/PG 3
WGK德国 2
RTECS号 PA8050000
包装等级 III
危险类别 6.1
海关编码 2903120001

1.甲烷氯化法:将甲烷、氯气与循环气混合后,送入反应器,于380~400℃进行热氯化反应。气体反应产物经冷却器冷却至70~80℃后,送入氯化氢吸收塔,用水吸收除去气体产物中的氯化氢,再送入碱洗塔,用碱液中和除去残留的盐酸和游离氯。经过净化后的气体产物经压缩、冷却、冷凝为粗氯化物。粗氯化物送入蒸馏工序,经各个蒸馏塔分别蒸出氯甲烷,二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷,不凝气除一部分放空外,其余与新料混合循环使用。控制操作条件为反应温度400~420℃,配料比CH4∶Cl2=4∶1,可得以二氯甲烷为主的产品。

75-09-2 preparation

2.甲醇氨化法:甲醇在气化器中气化后,同后续反应分离出的氯化氢混合,经催化剂氧化铝或以活性炭或浮石为载体的氯化亚酮或氯化锌,也可用载于活性炭上的磷酸为催化剂,在加氢氯化器中于350℃进行反应,生成氯甲烷。气态反应产物在水洗塔或碱洗塔中分别用冷水和氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,除去未反应的甲醇和氯化氢后,送入脱氢塔,用硫酸再次洗涤除去反应过程中生成的二甲醚和水,得到氯甲烷。氯甲烷与氯气在410~420℃反应,生成二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷,同时还生成少量四氯化碳。经骤冷,分成含二氯乙烷的液相和含未冷凝的氯化氢,未反应的氯甲烷,氯气的气相。气相分离出氯化氢、氯甲烷和氯气分别循环使用。液相先送入吸收塔用稀碱和水洗涤,除去四氯化碳,再送入精馏塔通过共沸蒸馏和精馏,分别获得二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷。

75-09-2 preparation

3.氯甲烷氯化氯甲烷氯化分光氯化和热氯化两种工艺。
光氯化是将氯甲烷与氯气在4000kW光照下进行反应,反应产物经碱洗、压缩、冷凝、干燥、精馏而得成品。
热氯化是将氯甲烷与氯气按(2~2.5)∶1(质量)配料,于反应温度为400℃,反应压力为0.2MPa下进行反应。反应产物经水洗、碱洗、压缩、冷凝、干燥、精馏而得成品。
75-09-2 preparation

4.以工业品二氯甲烷为原料,用原料体积的1/8~1/10的浓硫酸洗涤数次至酸层无色,再用5%的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤一次,用量为原料体积的1/5,用水洗涤二次。然后用无水氯化钙干燥,吸出清液后蒸馏,收集中间馏分,即得二氯甲烷纯品。

海关编码 2903120001