中文名 |
叔丁胺
|
英文名 |
tert-butylamine
|
中文别名 |
1,1-二甲基乙胺
2-氨基-2-甲基丙烷
第三丁胺
2-氨基异丁烷
2-氨基-2-甲
特丁胺
|
英文别名 |
T-BUTYLAMINE
Butylamine,tert
MFCD00008050
tert-Butylamine
erbumine
tert-C4H9NH2
1-amino-1,1-dimethylethane
butylamine,tertiary
2-methyl-2-propaneamine
1,1-dimethyl-ethylamine
2-amino-2-methylpropane
2-AMINOISOBUTANE
Ter-butyl amine
EINECS 200-888-1
Clavulanate Potassium Impurity 8
|
密度 |
0.696 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
沸点 |
46 °C(lit.) |
熔点 |
-67 °C |
分子式 |
C4H11N |
分子量 |
73.13680 |
闪点 |
−36.4 °F |
精确质量 |
73.08910 |
PSA |
26.02000 |
LogP |
1.44390 |
外观性状 |
透明液体 |
蒸汽密度 |
2.5 (vs air) |
蒸汽压 |
5.7 psi ( 20 °C) |
折射率 |
n20/D 1.377(lit.) |
储存条件 |
储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过37℃。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、酸类、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。 |
稳定性 |
1.化学性质与其他伯胺相似。但由于叔碳原子的立体效应,对反应有所选择。例如与环氧乙烷反应生成叔丁氨基乙醇,经高锰酸钾氧化得到硝基叔丁烷。且叔丁胺的衍生物比丁胺、仲丁胺的衍生物稳定。例如与醛反应得到稳定的Schiff碱,与氯化氰反应得到稳定的可以蒸馏的仲丁氨基氰。
2.稳定性 稳定
3.禁配物 强氧化剂、强酸、酸类
4.避免接触的条件 受热
5.聚合危害 不聚合
6.分解产物 氨 |
水溶解性 |
MISCIBLE |
分子结构 |
1、 摩尔折射率:24.08
2、 摩尔体积(cm3/mol):98.2
3、 等张比容(90.2K):215.4
4、 表面张力(dyne/cm):23.0
5、 极化率(10-24cm3):9.54 |
计算化学 |
1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):0.3
2.氢键供体数量:1
3.氢键受体数量:1
4.可旋转化学键数量:0
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积26
7.重原子数量:5
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:25.1
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:1 |
更多 |
1.性状:无色透明液体,有氨味。
2.熔点(℃):-66.9
3.沸点(℃):44~46
4.相对密度(水=1):0.696
5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.5
6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):39.3(20℃)
7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-2995.5(液体);-3025.2(气体)
8.临界温度(℃):210.8
9.临界压力(MPa):3.84
10.辛醇/水分配系数:0.4
11.闪点(℃):-8.8
12.引燃温度(℃):380
13.爆炸上限(%):8.9
14.爆炸下限(%):1.7
15.溶解性:溶于水,溶于无水乙醇、苯、氯仿、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。 |
毒理学数据:
1、急性毒性:人口服TCLO:40 mg/m3/8H-I;大鼠口径LD50:44mg/kg;大鼠吸入LC50:3800 mg/m3/4H;大鼠LD50:450mg/kg;小鼠LD50:378mg/kg;兔子皮肤LD50:2mg/kg;兔子LD50:375mg/kg;
2、其他多剂量毒性数据:大鼠吸入LC50:2010mg/m3/6H/13W-I
3.急性毒性
LD50:44mg/kg(大鼠经口)
LC50:3800mg/m3(大鼠吸入,4h)
生态学数据:
1.生态毒性 暂无资料
2.生物降解性 暂无资料
3.非生物降解性 空气中,当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×105个/cm3时,降解半衰期为40h(理论)。
4.其他有害作用 该物质对环境有危害,应特别注意对水体的污染。
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
-
EO3330000
-
CHEMICAL NAME :
-
tert-Butylamine
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
-
75-64-9
-
LAST UPDATED :
-
199806
-
DATA ITEMS CITED :
-
16
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MOLECULAR FORMULA :
-
C4-H11-N
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
-
73.16
-
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
-
ZX1&1&1
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
40 mg/m3/8H-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
-
REFERENCE :
-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,26,1991
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
44 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - food intake (animal) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - pulmonary emboli Liver - other changes
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0534846
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
3800 mg/m3/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Blood - hemorrhage
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0570798
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
450 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(12),70,1985
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
378 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(12),70,1985
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2 gm/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - other changes
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0570521
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
375 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(12),70,1985 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2010 mg/m3/6H/13W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0538640 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-DENMARK:STEL 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 25 ppm (75 mg/m3) JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 14444 No. of Facilities: 219 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1268 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 14444 No. of Facilities: 21 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 4354 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 729 (estimated)
|
【方法一】
叔丁胺是由叔丁醇经缩合、水解而得。
(1)缩合
叔丁醇与尿素缩合得叔丁脲。
(CH3)3COH[NH2CONH2]→(CH3)3—NHCONH2
在干燥的反应锅内加入硫酸,搅拌冷却,在15~25℃缓缓加入尿素,维持20~25℃再加入叔丁醇,加毕,搅拌0.5h,放置过夜。将反应物放入冰水中,加20%氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH=3~4,冷至15~17℃过滤,用冰水洗涤,滤饼加水煮沸溶解,趁热过滤,滤液冷至0~5℃析出结晶,过滤干燥得叔丁脲。
(2)水解
(CH3)3C—NHCONH2[NaOH]→[H2O](CH3)3C—NH2
将氢氧化钠溶液、叔丁脲、乙二醇加入反应锅,加热回流4h。将反应物进行蒸馏,收集40~90℃馏分,得粗叔丁胺。加少量固体氢氧化钠干燥过夜,粗馏,收集43~52℃馏分,得精制的叔丁胺。
美国罗姆-哈斯公司采用异丁烯为原料,与氢氰酸反应后用氨中和得产品。
【方法二】
1.以叔丁醇和尿素为原料在硫酸中缩合、水解,得叔丁基脲,再用40%的氢氧化钠中和,经水洗、滤干,加液碱、乙二醇混合后加热,收集40-60℃蒸馏物,然后加固碱干燥,常压分馏,切取44-47℃馏分得叔丁胺成品。原料消耗定额:叔丁醇(98%)2400kg/t、尿素2400kg/t、浓硫酸(98%)460kg/t。2.异丁烯-氢氰酸法制叔丁胺首先将异丁烯与氢氰酸反应,生成叔丁胺硫酸盐,然后与氨中和,制得叔丁胺,同时副产硫酸氢铵3.根据有关资料报道,叔丁胺除上述制法外,还有下述几种方法:以三甲基乙酰胺为原料用溴素和氢氧化钾还原法;叔丁基氯与乙醇、氨共热法等。