79-06-1

• 常用中文名：丙烯酰胺
• 常用英文名：Acrylamide Crystals
• CAS号：79-06-1
• 分子式：C₃H₅NO
• 分子量：71.078
• 相关类别： 原料药 抗生素类药物 氨基糖苷类药
• 发布时间：2018-02-05 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 11:34:11
• 【用途一】
  用于酸相对分子质量的测定
  【用途二】
  是生产聚丙烯酰胺及其系列产品的原料
  【用途三】
  用作聚丙烯酰胺的单体，其聚合物或共聚物用作化学灌浆物质、土壤改良剂、絮凝剂、胶粘剂和涂料等
  【用途四】
  聚丙烯酰胺作为添加剂可提高石油的回收率。作为絮凝剂可用于废水处理，亦可作纸张增强剂。
  【用途五】
  丙烯酰胺是丙烯酰胺系和甲基丙烯酰胺系产品中最重要的产品。自1954年用于工业后，需要逐步增长。主要用来制取能溶于水的聚合物，而这种聚丙烯酰胺可作为添加剂用以提高石油的回收率；用作絮凝剂、增厚剂和造纸助剂。少量丙烯酰胺被用来将亲水中心引入亲油的聚合物中以改善粘度，提高软化点和提高树脂的抗溶剂性，并且可以为染料的受色性引入一个中心。丙烯酰胺还常常被用作感光聚合物的一个组分。在乙烯基聚合物中，在交联反应中可以使用这种酰胺基的反应活性。丙烯酰胺可以与某些单体，如乙酸乙烯、苯乙烯、氯乙烯、乙烯叉二氯、丙烯腈等共聚获得具有多种用途的聚合物。主要应用领域：(1)油田用 该品用于油田注水井调整吸水剖面。将本品与引发剂、除氧剂等混合，注入注水井高渗透层带。在地层下聚合成高粘度的聚合物。封堵大孔道，增加扫油体积，提高采油率。此外，本品的聚合物或共聚物，可用于三次采油、压裂、堵水、钻井混浆处理以及化学灌浆等。(2)作絮凝剂 该品的部分水解物或与甲基纤维素的接枝共聚物，用于工厂废水处理及下水处理。(3)土壤改良剂 利用该品水解物作土壤改良剂，可使土壤团粒化，改善空气流通性、水渗透性和保水性。(4)纤维改性与树脂加工 将丙烯酰胺进行氨基甲酰化或接枝聚合。可用于改善含合成纤维的各种纤维的树脂整理，经纱以及作印染浆料使用，以改善纤维织物的基础物性，防皱、防缩和手感好。(5)纸力增强剂 丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的共聚物或聚丙烯酰胺的部分水解物，可用作纸力培强剂，代替已经使用的淀粉、水溶性氨基树脂或者共用。(6)胶粘剂 有聚丙烯酰胺与酚醛树脂溶液并用的玻璃纤维胶粘剂，以及与合成橡胶并用的压敏胶。
  【用途六】
  制备聚丙烯酰胺凝胶，供电泳测定蛋白质分子量等。絮凝剂, 土壤稳定剂，增强纸张强度，改进纤维质量，粘结剂。

名称

• 中文名: 丙烯酰胺
• 英文名: acrylamide
• 中文别名: 丙烯醯胺050-01[6]; 2-丙烯酰胺; 丙烯酸酰胺
• 英文别名: vinylamide; vinylcarboxamide; PROPENAMIDE; optimum; CH2=CHCO2NH2; aam; 2-propenamide; carbamoylethylene; Acrylamide; acrylagel; acrylic amide; ethyleneamide; MFCD00008032; Akrylamid; CH2CHCONH2; Acrylamid; EINECS 201-173-7

物化性质

• 密度: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
• 沸点: 99.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: 82-86 °C(lit.)
• 分子式: C₃H₅NO
• 分子量: 71.078
• 闪点: 14.2±22.6 °C
• 精确质量: 71.037117
• PSA: 43.09000
• LogP: -0.31
• 外观性状: 白色晶体
• 蒸汽密度: 2.45 (vs air)
• 蒸汽压: 21.4±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
• 折射率: 1.431
• 储存条件:

  1.本品用胶合板桶、塑料桶或纤维板桶内衬塑料袋包装，每桶20kg或25kg。贮存于20～30℃阴凉干燥通风处，严防雨淋和日晒。保存期一年，按有毒化学品规定运输。

  2.储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。包装要求密封，不可与空气接触。应与氧化剂、酸类、碱类、食用化学品分开存放，切忌混储。不宜大量储存或久存。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。

• 稳定性:

  1.室温下稳定，但熔融时则骤然聚合。易燃，受高热分解放出腐蚀性气体。受紫外线照射或达熔点温度时很容易聚合同时放热，也可与其他丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯信卤代乙烯等进行共聚。能进行加成、还原、水解等反应。与硫酸反应生成盐。与甲醛反应生成N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺，在酸性催化剂存在下，水解生成丙烯酸。疑为致癌物，毒性较大。丙烯酰胺中有酰氨基和双键两个反应中心。在酸或碱催化剂作用下很容易水解，分别生成丙烯酸盐和丙烯酸。双键可以发生加成反应及聚合反应。安全处理的要求是避免人体与丙烯酰胺接触，防止皮肤对其粉尘或蒸气的吸收。

  2.本品剧毒。其蒸气可经呼吸道吸入或经皮肤吸收而引起中毒。主要对中枢神经系统有危害。对眼、皮肤亦有强烈的刺激作用。对家兔LD50为126mg/kg。空气中最高允许浓度0.3mg/m3。生产装置应密闭，厂房要有良好的通风条件，操作人员要穿戴好防护用品。

  3.容易通过皮肤和黏膜被人体吸收和累积，引起神经系统的症状，皮肤出现红斑、脱皮；呕吐，腹痛。中毒者肌动电流图和脑电图异常。工作场所空气中有毒物质时间加权平均容许浓度为0.3mg/m3;短时间接触容许浓度为0.9mg/m3。

  4.稳定性 稳定

  5.禁配物 强氧化剂、酸类、碱类

  6.避免接触的条件 受热、光照

  7.聚合危害 聚合

• 水溶解性: SOLUBLE, 216 g/100 mL
• 分子结构:

  1、摩尔折射率：19.23

  2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：73.9

  3、等张比容（90.2K）：174.6

  4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：31.0

  5、极化率（10^-24cm³）：7.62

• 计算化学:

  1、疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：-0.7

  2、氢键供体数量：1

  3、氢键受体数量：1

  4、可旋转化学键数量：1

  5、互变异构体数量：2

  6、拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：43.1

  7、重原子数量：5

  8、表面电荷：0

  9、复杂度：57.9

  10、同位素原子数量：0

  11、确定原子立构中心数量：0

  12、不确定原子立构中心数量：0

  13、确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  14、不确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  15、共价键单元数量：1

• 更多:

  1.性状：白色或淡黄色结晶，无气味。

  2.pH值：5.0~6.5（50%水溶液）

  3.熔点（℃）：84.5

  4.沸点（℃）：125（3.33kPa）；192.6

  5.相对密度（水=1）：1.12

  6.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：2.45

  7.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：0.21（84.5℃）

  8.临界压力（MPa）：5.73

  9.辛醇/水分配系数：-0.67

  10.闪点（℃）：138（CC）

  11.引燃温度（℃）：424

  12.爆炸上限（%）：20.6

  13.爆炸下限（%）：2.7

  14.溶解性：溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮，不溶于苯、己烷。

MSDS

国标编号: 61740 ＣＡＳ: 79-06-1 中文名称: 丙烯酰胺 英文名称: Acrylamide 分子式: C3H5NO；CH2CHCONH2 分子量: 71.08 熔 点: 84.5℃ 沸点：125℃/3 密 度: 相对密度(水=1)1.12； 蒸汽压: 0.21kPa(84.5℃) 溶解性: 溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮，不溶于苯 稳定性: 稳定 外观与性状: 白色结晶固体，无气味 危险标记: 15(毒害品) 用 途: 用于制造水溶性聚合物即聚丙烯酰胺 2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：本品具神经毒作用。可引起疲嗜睡、手指麻木，位置性震颤，步态紊乱，肌肉萎缩，肌肉无力，手出汗脱屑以及接触性皮炎等。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 毒性：中等毒类。 急性毒性：LD50 150～180mg/kg(大鼠经口) 刺激性：家兔经眼：5mg(24小时)，重度刺激。 亚急性和慢性毒性：大鼠经口食物中添加0.02%～0.04%本品，1～6个月，出现末梢神经，神经轴突、髓膜变性。 致突变性：姊妹染色单体交换：大鼠经口600mg/kg，10天(连续)。精子形态学改变：小鼠腹腔注射100mg/kg。 生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：200mg/kg(孕7～16天)，引起新生鼠生化和代谢改变。大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：544mg/kg(9周，雄性)，引起精子、雄性生育指数改变和植入后死亡率增加。 致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物阳性。 危险特性：遇高热、明火或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧的危险。若遇高热，可能发生聚合反应，出现大量放热现象，引起容器破裂和爆炸事故。 燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。 3.现场应急监测方法: 　 4.实验室监测方法: 气相色谱法 《水质分析大全》 张宏陶等主编 气相色谱法《固体废弃物试验与分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译 色谱-质谱法 《水和废水标准检验法》第19版译文，江苏省环境监测中心 5.环境标准: 前苏联(1975)车间卫生标准 0.3mg/m3 中国(待颁布) 饮用水源水中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.0005mg/L 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，用洁清的铲子收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中，运至废物处理场所。也可以用大量水冲洗，经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 废弃物处置方法：用焚烧法。焚烧炉排出的氮氧化物通过洗涤器除去。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩带防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，佩带自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护：必要时戴安全防护眼镜。 防护服：穿相应的防护服。 手防护：戴防化学品手套。 其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后，彻底清洗。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。进行就业前和定期的体检。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。 眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水冲洗。 吸入：脱离现场至空气新鲜处。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：误服者给饮大量温水，催吐。就医。 灭火方法：二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1.急性毒性 LD50：150~180mg/kg（大鼠经口） 2.刺激性 家兔经皮：500mg（24h），轻度刺激。 家兔经眼：100mg（24h），中度刺激。 3.亚急性与慢性毒性 多次重复染毒，几乎全部动物发生周围神经损害，表现四肢肌肉无力、后肢严重瘫痪、肢体远端肌肉萎缩、感觉障碍及腱反射消失。 4.致敏性 对皮肤有致敏作用。 致突变性 姐妹染色单体交换：大鼠经口600mg/kg（连续10d）。精子形态学改变：小鼠腹腔注射100mg/kg。 5.致畸性 雌性小鼠受孕后6~17d，经口染毒540mg/kg，引发仔鼠肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。 6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G2A，可能人类致癌物。 7.其他 大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：200mg/kg（孕7~16d），引起新生鼠生化和代谢改变。大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：544mg/kg（9周，雄性），引起精子、雄性生育指数改变和植入后死亡率增加。 生态学数据: 1.生态毒性 LC50：103~115mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼）；110mg/L（96h）（虹鳟鱼）；100mg/L（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）；160mg/L（48h）（水蚤） 2.生物降解性 暂无资料 3.非生物降解性空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10^5个/cm^3时，降解半衰期为1.4d（理论）。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : AS3325000 CHEMICAL NAME : Acrylamide CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 79-06-1 BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0605349 LAST UPDATED : 199712 DATA ITEMS CITED : 140 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C3-H5-N-O MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 71.09 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZV1U1 HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Rinsed with water ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 124 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - peptidases TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 90 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 208 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 107 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 170 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 156 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 1680 uL/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 280 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 170 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 173 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - quail DOSE/DURATION : 186 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified DOSE/DURATION : 190 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1035 mg/kg/15W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 608 mg/kg/16D-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1800 mg/kg/90D-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral - fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 600 mg/kg/6W-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - ataxia TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 286 mg/kg/28D-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Cardiac - changes in heart weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 108 mg/kg/3W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 168 mg/kg/2W-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 780 mg/kg/13W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Spinal Cord - demyelination Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral - ataxia TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg/8D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1155 mg/kg/13W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 568 mg/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1200 mg/kg/4W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 330 mg/kg/22D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 671 mg/kg/75W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 450 mg/kg/61D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg/2D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - fatty liver degeneration Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg/4D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 771 mg/kg/1Y-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg/10D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg/10D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Behavioral - muscle weakness TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - chicken DOSE/DURATION : 450 mg/kg/3W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1456 mg/kg/2Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 24 mg/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg/2W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 72 mg/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1456 mg/kg/2Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 200 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7-16 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 560 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 6-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 10 day(s) post-birth TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 75 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 5 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 140 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 150 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 5 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 350 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 7 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 400 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 8 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 571 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 16 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 95 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : male 4 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 95 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : female 4 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral DOSE : 71 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : male 4 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 225 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 10-12 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 125 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 250 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 5 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 300 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 8-10 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 75 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 225 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 10-12 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test TYPE OF TEST : Sperm Morphology TYPE OF TEST : Sperm Morphology TYPE OF TEST : Heritable translocation test MUTATION DATA TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 245,191,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.03 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,41,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,389,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,41,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,389,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,389,1994 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,129,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,365,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CJNSA2 Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. (Faculty of Medicine, 2500 University Dr., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,143,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CJNSA2 Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. (Faculty of Medicine, 2500 University Dr., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,152,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8, 1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,445,1981 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,5,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.9 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.2 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.9 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACRYLAMIDE-air:10H CA TWA 0.03 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 03540 No. of Facilities: 442 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 7047 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 03540 No. of Facilities: 453 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 22 No. of Employees: 10651 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 721 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS07, GHS08
• 信号词: Danger
• 危害声明: H302 + H332-H315-H317-H319-H340-H350-H361f-H372
• 警示性声明: P201-P261-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
• 危害码 (欧洲): T:Toxic
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R22;R43;R45;R46;R48/20/21/22
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S53-S45-S24-S36/37/39-S26-S36/37
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3426 6.1/PG 3
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: AS3325000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 6.1
• 海关编码: 2924199040

合成路线

上下游产品

上游产品  10
107-13-1 814-68-6 107-11-9 95-93-2
79-10-7 70-47-3 50-00-0 814-49-3
107-02-8 7732-18-5
下游产品  9
1119-29-5 10254-08-7 4726-85-6 4767-00-4
54914-32-8 4771-81-7 3813-27-2 1432-45-7
2909-14-0

制备

1.丙烯腈硫酸水合法：丙烯腈和水在硫酸存在下水解成丙烯酰胺硫酸盐，然后用液氨中和生成丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铵，反应物经分离过滤后，将滤液结晶、干燥即得成品。此法的缺点是副产大量价值低廉的硫酸铵，又存在严重的硫酸腐蚀和污染等问题。每吨丙烯酰胺副产硫酸铵2280kg。原料消耗定额：丙烯腈（100%）980kg/t、硫酸（100%）200kg/t、氨（100%）700kg/t。

2.丙烯腈直接水合法：丙烯腈与水在铜催化剂存在下，在85-125℃和0.3-0.4MPa压力下直接水合而得。该法得到的丙烯酰胺水溶液（只含少量副产物），可直接作为产品销售，避免丙烯酰胺粉尘污染，用水溶液对劳动保护是有利的。产品参考规格：外观为白色鳞片状或粉状。一级品含量≥95%；二级品含量≥90%；三级品含量≥85%。

3.酶催化法：在室温下将丙烯腈水溶液送入装有菌种催化剂的固定床反应器中，经反应丙烯腈100%转化为丙烯酰胺。经分离，甚至可不经精制、浓缩就得到丙烯酰胺的工业产品。

海关

海关编码	2924199040