毒理学数据:
其蒸气剧毒,短期内大量吸入汞蒸气后引起急性中毒,严重者可发生化学性肺炎,引起肾脏损伤。
生态学数据:
对环境有严重危害,对水体和土壤可造成污染。水中浓度 0.02mg/L时,使废水的 BOD5 降低20%。汞主要以颗粒物、元素蒸气、二氯化汞蒸气、无机亚汞、甲基汞化合物等形式释入环境。大部分汞以无机的和苯基的形态进入水环境、通过细菌的甲基化活动进入水生物链,在对人类重要食物链中,特别是在鱼类体内、发生生物蓄积。汞还可经由食物种子动物的途经进入陆生食物连。会对掠鸟、猎鸟、鸣禽以及啮齿动物造成严重的危害。
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
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RTECS NUMBER :
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OV4550000
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CHEMICAL NAME :
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Mercury
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
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7439-97-6
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LAST UPDATED :
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199806
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DATA ITEMS CITED :
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75
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MOLECULAR FORMULA :
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Hg
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
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200.59
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WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
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HG
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Subcutaneous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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254 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Oral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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43 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - tremor Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Liver - other changes
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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44300 ug/m3/8H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - muscle weakness Liver - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - woman
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DOSE/DURATION :
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150 ug/m3/46D
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - wakefulness Behavioral - anorexia (human) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Administration onto the skin
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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129 mg/kg/5H-C
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - tinnitus Behavioral - headache Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure)
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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571 uL/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - paresthesis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - sweating
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rabbit
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DOSE/DURATION :
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29 mg/m3/30H
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1 mg/m3/24H/5W-C
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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8 ug/m3/6.5H/41W-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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17 mg/m3/2H/30D-C
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning Behavioral - alteration of operant conditioning
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intraperitoneal
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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400 mg/kg/14D-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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DOSE :
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890 ng/m3/24H
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SEX/DURATION :
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male 16 week(s) pre-mating
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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DOSE :
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7440 ng/m3/24H
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SEX/DURATION :
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male 16 week(s) pre-mating
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Inhalation
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DOSE :
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1 mg/m3/24H
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SEX/DURATION :
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female 1-20 day(s) after conception
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
MUTATION DATA
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TEST SYSTEM :
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Human - man
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REFERENCE :
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Tevfik Cenqiz, Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dah, Ankara, Turkey) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,321,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW STEVA8 Science of the Total Environment. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,341,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,36,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,63,1970 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JOCMA7 Journal of Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-9, 1957-67. For publisher information, see:JJOMDZ Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,337,1960 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,102,1969 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PDTNBH Paediatrician. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,204,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 49DXAV "Health Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Infant Formula and Junior Food, Proceedings of the Symposium, 1981," Schmidt, E.H.F., and A.G. Hildebrandt, eds., Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1983 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,57,1983 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 0.1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Hg)/m3 , vapor (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):CL 0.1 mg/m3,vapor (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.05 mg/m3;Skin (vapor) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 0.02 mg/m3;STEL 0.04 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (vapor) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.005 ppm (0.05 mg/m3);Skin (vapor) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.01 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO MERCURY, ARYL AND INORGANIC-air:CL 0.1 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO MERCURY, vapor (as Hg)-air:10H TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 44870 No. of Facilities: 2072 (estimated) No. of Industries: 32 No. of Occupations: 36 No. of Employees: 15002 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 44870 No. of Facilities: 2937 (estimated) No. of Industries: 42 No. of Occupations: 67 No. of Employees: 71932 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 23826 (estimated)
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