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98-95-3

98-95-3结构式
98-95-3结构式
  • 常用中文名:硝基苯
  • 常用英文名:nitrobenzene
  • CAS号:98-95-3
  • 分子式:C6H5NO2
  • 分子量:123.10900
  • 相关类别: 医药中间体 杂环化合物 吡啶类化合物 吡啶衍生物
  • 发布时间:2018-04-21 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2024-01-02 18:03:59
  • 【用途一】
    用作分析试剂气相色谱固定液及弗瑞德-克来福特反应用溶剂
    【用途二】
    作为基本有机化工原料,用于生产多种医药和染料中间体,如苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、二硝基苯等,也用作溶剂
    【用途三】
    硝基苯是重要的其本有机中间体。硝基苯用三氧化硫磺化得间硝苯磺酸。可作为染料中间体温和氧化剂和防染盐S。硝基苯用氯磺酸磺化得间硝基苯磺酰氯,用作染料、医药等中间体。硝基苯经氯化得间硝基氯苯,广泛用于染料、农药的生产,经还原后可得间氯苯胺。用作染料橙色基GC,也是医药、农药、荧光增白剂、有机颜料等的中间体。硝基苯再硝化可得间二硝基苯,经还原可得间苯二胺,用作染料中间体、环氧树脂固化剂、石油添加剂、水泥促凝剂,间二硝基苯如用硫化钠进行部分还原则得间硝基苯胺。为染料橙色基R,是偶氮染料和有机颜料等的中间体。
    【用途四】
    测定分子量的溶剂。测定矿物的折射指数,检定硫化物、硝酸盐。气相色谱固定液(最高使用温度150℃,溶液为甲醇),分离分析烃类及有机和无机金属化合物。有机微量分析测定硝基(液体)的标准品。有机合成。
    【用途五】
    测定分子量的溶剂。测定矿物的折射指数,检定硫化物、硝酸盐。气相色谱固定液(最高使用温度150℃,溶液为甲醇),分离分析烃类及有机和无机金属化合物。有机微量分析测定硝基(液体)的标准品。有机合成。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置;评价方法;工作标准;质量保证/质量控制;其他。

化源商城直购

中文名 硝基苯
英文名 nitrobenzene
英文别名 Rfna
Nitrobenzene
AZOTIC ACID
m-nitrobenzene
NITAL
HNO3
azotowykwas
anhydrous nitric acid
monomeric nitric acid
HONO2
AQUA FORTIS
MFCD00007043
nitro-alcohol
acidonitrico
trans-nitro alcohol
EINECS 202-716-0
密度 1.205
沸点 210-211 °C(lit.)
熔点 5-6 °C(lit.)
分子式 C6H5NO2
分子量 123.10900
闪点 190 °F
精确质量 123.03200
PSA 45.82000
LogP 2.11800
外观性状 黄色液体
蒸汽密度 4.2 (vs air)
蒸汽压 0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
折射率 n20/D 1.551(lit.)
储存条件

储存注意事项储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、还原剂、碱类、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

稳定性

1.化学性质:对酸、碱比较稳定。能随水蒸气挥发,具弱的氧化作用。用铁、锌等金属与盐酸作用,或用镍、铜、银等为催化剂,加压进行还原,生成苯胺。与硫酸和硝酸的混合酸作用,生成二硝基苯或三硝基苯。在碘或氯化镁存在下进行氯化反应,生成间氯硝基苯。在氯化铁存在下进行氯化反应,常温下生成2,5-二氯硝基苯。100℃时生成2,3,5,6-四氯硝基苯。100℃以上生成六氯苯。与发烟硫酸作用主要生成间硝基苯磺酸。与氢氧化钾作用生成邻硝基苯酚及少量对硝基苯酚。硝基苯能与Grignard试剂反应。

2.稳定性 稳定

3.禁配物 强氧化剂、氨、胺类等

4.聚合危害 不聚合

5.分解产物 氮氧化物

水溶解性 slightly soluble
分子结构

1、摩尔折射率:32.79

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):101.2

3、等张比容(90.2K):262.7

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):45.3

5、介电常数:

6、偶极距(10-24cm3):

7、极化率:13.00

计算化学

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:2

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积45.8

7.重原子数量:9

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:102

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

更多

1.性状:淡黄色透明油状液体,有苦杏仁味。

2.熔点(℃):5.7

3.沸点(℃):210.8

4.相对密度(水=1):1.20

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):4.25

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):0.02(20℃)

7.临界压力(MPa):4.82

8.辛醇/水分配系数:1.85~1.88

9.闪点(℃):88(CC)

10.引燃温度(℃):482

11.爆炸上限(%):40

12.爆炸下限(%):1.8(93℃)

13.溶解性:不溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯、丙酮等多数有机溶剂。

14.蒸发热(KJ/mol,484K):47.73

15.熔化热(KJ/mol,278.98K):11.60

16.电导率(S/m,23.6ºC):1.22×10-8

17.电导率(S/m,25ºC):9.1×10-7

18.热导率(W/(m·K),20ºC):0.13649

19.体膨胀系数(K-1,0~30ºC):0.00083

国标编号: 61056
CAS: 98-95-3
中文名称: 硝基苯
英文名称: nitrobenzene;Oil of mirbane
别 名: 密斑油
分子式: C6H5NO2
分子量: 123.11
熔 点: 5.7℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)1.20;
蒸汽压: 87.8℃
溶解性: 不溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯等多数有机溶剂
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 淡黄色透明油状液体,有苦杏仁味
危险标记: 14(剧毒品)
用 途: 用作溶剂,制造苯胺、染料等

2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害:主要引起高铁血红蛋白血症。可引起溶血及肝损害。 急性中毒:有头痛、头晕、乏力、皮肤粘膜紫绀、手指麻木等症状;严重时可出现胸闷、呼吸困难、心悸,甚至心律紊乱、昏迷、抽搐、呼吸麻痹。有时中毒后出现溶血性贫血、黄疸、中毒性肝炎。 慢性中毒:可有神经衰弱综合征;慢性溶血时,可出现贫血、黄疸;还可引起中毒性肝炎。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 急性毒性:LD50489mg/kg(大鼠经口);2100mg/kg(大鼠经皮);狗静脉150mg/kg,最小致死剂量;人(女性)经口200mg/kg,最小中毒剂量(血液毒性);人经口5mg/kg,最小中毒剂量(不悦感)。 致突变性:细胞遗传学分析:啤酒酵母菌10mmol/管。 生殖毒性:大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0):5ppm(6小时),(90天,雄性),影响精子生成,影响睾丸、附睾和输精管。 污染来源:硝基苯是有机合成的原料,最重要的用途是生产苯胺染料,还是重要的有机溶剂。环境中的硝基苯主要来自化工厂、染料厂的废水废气,尤其是苯胺染料厂排出的污水中含有大量硝基苯。贮运过程中的意外事故,也会造成硝基苯的严重污染。 硝基苯在水中具有极高的稳定性。由于其密度大于水,进入水体的硝基苯会沉入水底,长时间保持不变。又由于其在水中有一定的溶解度,所以造成的水体污染会持续相当长的时间。硝基苯的沸点较高,自然条件下的蒸发速度较慢,与强氧化剂反应生成对机械震动很敏感的化合物,能与空气形成爆炸性混合物。倾翻在环境中的硝基苯,会散发出刺鼻的苦杏仁味。80℃以上其蒸气与空气的混合物具爆炸性,倾倒在水中的硝基苯,以黄绿色油状物沉在水底。当浓度为5mg/L时,被污染水体呈黄色,有苦杏仁味。当浓度达100mg/L时,水几乎是黑色,并分离出黑色沉淀。当浓度超过33mg/L时可造成鱼类及水生生物死亡。吸入、摄入或皮肤吸收均可引起人员中毒。中毒的典型症状是气短、眩晕、恶心、昏厥、神志不清、皮肤发蓝,最后会因呼吸衰竭而死亡。 危险特性:遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触,有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。与硝酸反应强烈。 燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。 3.现场应急监测方法: 便携式气相色谱法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编 4.实验室监测方法: 监测方法 来源 类别 气相色谱法 GB13194-91 水质 锌还原-盐酸萘乙二胺光度法 GB15501-95 空气 气相色谱法 《固体废弃物试验分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译 固体废弃物 还原-偶氮比色法 《水和废水监测分析方法》(第三版)国家环保局编 水和废水 5.环境标准: 中国 (TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 5mg/m3[皮] 居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.01mg/m3(一次值) 中国(GB16297-1996) 大气污染物综合排放标准 ①最高允许排放浓度(mg/L) 16(表2);20(表1) ②最高允许排放速率(kg/h) 二级0.060~1.3(表2);0.05~1.1(表1) 三级0.080~1.7(表2);0.090~2.0(表1) ③无组织排放监控浓度限值(mg/m3) 0.040(表2);0.050(表1) 中国(GHZB1-1999) 地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域特定值) 0.017mg/L 中国(GB8978-1996) 污水综合排放标准 一级:2.0mg/L 二级:3.0mg/L 三级:5.0mg/L   嗅觉阈浓度 5.12mg/m3 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。当硝基苯洒在地面时,立即用沙土、泥块阻断漏液的温延,配戴好面具、手套,将漏液或漏物收集在适当的容器内封存,用沙土或其它惰性材料吸收残液,转移到安全地带。立即仔细收集被污染土壤,转移到安全地带。当硝基苯倾倒在水面时,应迅速切断被污染水体的流动,以免污染扩散。中毒人员立即离开现场,到空气新鲜的地方,脱去被沾染的外衣,用大量的水冲洗皮肤,漱口,大量饮水,催吐,即送医院。着火时用大量水和干粉、泡沫、二氧化碳等灭火器灭火。接触硝基苯的人员严禁饮酒,以免加重加速毒性作用。沿地面加强通风,以驱赶硝基苯蒸气。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护:可能接触其蒸气时,佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护:戴安全防护眼镜。 身体防护:穿透气型防毒服。 手防护:戴防苯耐油手套。 其它:工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。及时换洗工作服。工作前后不饮酒,用温水洗澡。注意检测毒物。实行就业前和定期的体检。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触:立即脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。 眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入:饮足量温水,催吐,就医。 灭火方法:消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。喷水冷却容器,可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。灭火剂:雾状水、抗溶性泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性

LD50:489mg/kg(大鼠经口);2100mg/kg(大鼠经皮)

2.刺激性

家兔经皮:500mg(24h),轻度刺激。

家兔经眼:500mg(24h),轻度刺激。

3.致突变性 微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门菌仓鼠肺200μg/L。

4.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论:G2B,可疑人类致癌物。

5.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCLo):5ppm(6h)(90d,雄性),影响精子生成,影响睾丸、附睾和输精管。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性

LC50:27mg/L(48h)(水蚤);42.6mg/L(48h)(蓝鳃太阳鱼);117mg/L(96h)(黑体呆鱼);125mg/L(48h)(青鳉)

IC50:1.9~33mg/L(72h)(藻类)

2.生物降解性

好氧生物降解(h):322~4728

厌氧生物降解(h):48~300

3.非生物降解性

水相光解半衰期(h):1608~4800

光解最大吸收(nm):259

水中光氧化半衰期(h):3009~1.90×105

空气中光氧化半衰期(h):0.544~5.44

4.生物富集性

BCF:2~4.8(鲤鱼,接触浓度125ppb,接触时间6周);1.6~7.7(鲤鱼,接触浓度12.5ppb,接触时间6周)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
DA6475000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Benzene, nitro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
98-95-3
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
78
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C6-H5-N-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
123.12
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
WNR

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Vascular - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
35 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
556 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
640 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
590 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
480 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
286 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
25 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral - coma
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
900 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in spleen
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 ug/m3/24H/73D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in spleen
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1400 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in spleen Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - other changes Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
25 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1260 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 21 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
3180 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
5 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 90 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1260 ug/m3/4H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
40 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 12 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
41 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
REFERENCE :
BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,359,1986 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,183,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 3 mg/m3;STEL 6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1 ppm;STEL 3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NITROBENZENE-air:10H TWA 1 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 1022 (estimated) No. of Industries: 21 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 10578 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 654 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 5080 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 474 (estimated)

符号 GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
信号词 Danger
危害声明 H301 + H311 + H331-H351-H360F-H372-H412
警示性声明 Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P201-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P308 + P313
靶器官 Blood
个人防护装备 Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
危害码 (欧洲) T:Toxic;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;
风险声明 (欧洲) R23/24/25;R40;R48/23/24;R51/53;R62
安全声明 (欧洲) S28-S36/37-S45-S61-S28A-S16-S7-S27
危险品运输编码 UN 1662 6.1/PG 2
WGK德国 2
RTECS号 DA6475000
包装等级 II
危险类别 6.1
海关编码 2904201000

1.由苯经混酸硝化而得。这是生产硝基苯的传统方法,最初采用间歇法生产,后来发展了连续法,近来又发展为绝热硝化法。间歇法是苯和混酸的铸铁硝化锅中于50℃下反应。连续硝化采用串联的硝化器,为使硝酸是到充分利用,并减少二硝基苯的生成,加入的苯稍过量。连续法的优点是生产能力大,硝酸的浓度可适当降低。绝热硝化法可间歇或连续操作,反应热可利用来浓缩硫酸,副产物二硝基苯较少。原料消耗定额:纯苯(工业品)665kg/t、硝酸(98%570kg/t、硫酸(92.5%)50kg/t、纯碱20kg/t。

98-95-3 preparation

2.精制方法:硝基苯通常含有硝基甲苯、二硝基噻酚、二硝基苯和苯胺等杂质。精制时用稀硫酸、稀碱和水依次洗涤,氯化钙干燥后反复进行减压蒸馏。也可以用分步结晶或用绝对乙醇重结晶的方法精制。其他的精制方法有:在稀硫酸存在下进行水蒸气蒸馏,馏出物分去水层后,用氯化钙干燥,然后在氧化钡、五氧化二磷三氯化铝或活性氧化铝存在下减压蒸馏。

3.以工业硝基苯为原料,加入无水氯化钙干燥脱去水分,然后进行蒸馏收集208.5~212.0℃馏分,即得成品。也可采用减压蒸馏,操作压力为267Pa。

海关编码 2904201000