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98-95-3

98-95-3结构式
98-95-3结构式
  • 常用中文名:硝基苯
  • 常用英文名:nitrobenzene
  • CAS号:98-95-3
  • 分子式:C6H5NO2
  • 分子量:123.10900
  • 相关类别: 医药中间体 杂环化合物 吡啶类化合物 吡啶衍生物
  • 发布时间:2018-04-21 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2026-06-29 19:12:48
  • 【用途一】
    用作分析试剂气相色谱固定液及弗瑞德-克来福特反应用溶剂
    【用途二】
    作为基本有机化工原料,用于生产多种医药和染料中间体,如苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、二硝基苯等,也用作溶剂
    【用途三】
    硝基苯是重要的其本有机中间体。硝基苯用三氧化硫磺化得间硝苯磺酸。可作为染料中间体温和氧化剂和防染盐S。硝基苯用氯磺酸磺化得间硝基苯磺酰氯,用作染料、医药等中间体。硝基苯经氯化得间硝基氯苯,广泛用于染料、农药的生产,经还原后可得间氯苯胺。用作染料橙色基GC,也是医药、农药、荧光增白剂、有机颜料等的中间体。硝基苯再硝化可得间二硝基苯,经还原可得间苯二胺,用作染料中间体、环氧树脂固化剂、石油添加剂、水泥促凝剂,间二硝基苯如用硫化钠进行部分还原则得间硝基苯胺。为染料橙色基R,是偶氮染料和有机颜料等的中间体。
    【用途四】
    测定分子量的溶剂。测定矿物的折射指数,检定硫化物、硝酸盐。气相色谱固定液(最高使用温度150℃,溶液为甲醇),分离分析烃类及有机和无机金属化合物。有机微量分析测定硝基(液体)的标准品。有机合成。
    【用途五】
    测定分子量的溶剂。测定矿物的折射指数,检定硫化物、硝酸盐。气相色谱固定液(最高使用温度150℃,溶液为甲醇),分离分析烃类及有机和无机金属化合物。有机微量分析测定硝基(液体)的标准品。有机合成。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置;评价方法;工作标准;质量保证/质量控制;其他。

中文名 硝基苯
英文名 nitrobenzene
中文别名 甲苯中硝基苯
水质硝基苯标样
硝基苯/ML溶于乙腈
标样-甲醇中硝基苯
对苯二酚杂质11
甲醇中硝基苯溶液标准物质
二氯甲烷中硝基苯
水质硝基苯标样(浓度范围:(MG/L),分析标准品)
米耳班油
2228 硝基苯
二氯甲烷中硝基苯标准溶液
一硝基苯
硝基苯(STANDD FOR ,)
(2-(3-硝基苯基)乙烯-1
密班油
硝基苯溶液
苯中硝基苯溶液标准物质
苯中硝基苯
硝基苯(冷库)
硝基苯(标准品)
硝基苯(YZB)
硝基苯溶液标准物质
硝基苯杂质
密斑油,苦杏仁油,密班油,人造苦杏仁油,米耳班油
乙醇中硝基苯
水中硝基苯
硝基苯标准溶液
标样-水中硝基苯
甲醇中硝基苯分析校准用标准样品
密斑油
硝基苯溶液,200ΜG/ML
硝基苯(米耳班油 密班油 -3)
甲醇中硝基苯标准溶液
甲醇中硝基苯
甲苯中硝基苯标准品
硝基苯标准溶液(1000ΜG/ML,溶剂:甲醇)
硝基苯 -3
硝化苯
硝基苯<
乙醇中硝基苯溶液标准物质
硝苯
硝基苯(易制爆)
英文别名 NitrobenzeneForSynthesis
Nitrobenzene, ade
Nitrobenzene for analysis
NITROBENZENE,1X1ML, ACN 1000UG/ML
NITROBENZENE, REAGENTPLUS
Nitrobenzene,electronic ade
Mitrobenzole
m-nitrobenzene
NITAL
ssence of myrbane
NITROBENZENE OEKANAL
azotowykwas
anhydrous nitric acid
NITROBENZENE 1 L
monomeric nitric acid
Essence of Mirbane
oilofmyrbane
acidonitrico
1-Nitrobenzene
rcrawastenumberu169
EINECS 202-716-0
NITROBENZENE ML
Rfna
Nitrobenzene, extra
AZOTIC ACID
Nitrobenzene (I, T)
Nitrobenzene ReagentPlus(R)
Nitrobenzene, for analysis
Rcra waste number U169
NITROBENZENE
Nitrobenzene, low in free acid
NITROBENZENE A.C.S
HONO2
NITROBENZOL
Nitrobenzene extra
nitro-benzen
MFCD00007043
NITROBENZENE, 1X1ML, MEOH, 5000UG/ML
essenceofmirbane
nitro-alcohol
Benzene,nitro
Nitrobenzene, extra , 1LT
nitrobenzene solution
MONONITROBENZENE
Nitrobenzen
NITROBENZENE extrapure
OIL OF MIRBANE
Nitrobenzene , >=
MYRBANE OIL
Nitrobenzene Standd
NCI-C60082
trans-nitro alcohol
MIRBANE OIL
Nitrobenzene solution standd
Nitrobenzene
Oil of Myrbane
Nitrobenzene,for analysis
HNO3
Nitrobenzene, extra , 2.5LT
NITROBENZENE, STANDD FOR
ESSENCE OF MYRBANE
AQUA FORTIS
itrobenzene
Nitrobenzene in Methanol
Nitrobenzeen
密度 1.205
沸点 210-211 °C(lit.)
熔点 5-6 °C(lit.)
分子式 C6H5NO2
分子量 123.10900
闪点 190 °F
精确质量 123.03200
PSA 45.82000
LogP 2.11800
外观性状 黄色液体
蒸汽密度 4.2 (vs air)
蒸汽压 0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
折射率 n20/D 1.551(lit.)
储存条件

储存注意事项储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、还原剂、碱类、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

稳定性

1.化学性质:对酸、碱比较稳定。能随水蒸气挥发,具弱的氧化作用。用铁、锌等金属与盐酸作用,或用镍、铜、银等为催化剂,加压进行还原,生成苯胺。与硫酸和硝酸的混合酸作用,生成二硝基苯或三硝基苯。在碘或氯化镁存在下进行氯化反应,生成间氯硝基苯。在氯化铁存在下进行氯化反应,常温下生成2,5-二氯硝基苯。100℃时生成2,3,5,6-四氯硝基苯。100℃以上生成六氯苯。与发烟硫酸作用主要生成间硝基苯磺酸。与氢氧化钾作用生成邻硝基苯酚及少量对硝基苯酚。硝基苯能与Grignard试剂反应。

2.稳定性 稳定

3.禁配物 强氧化剂、氨、胺类等

4.聚合危害 不聚合

5.分解产物 氮氧化物

水溶解性 slightly soluble
分子结构

1、摩尔折射率:32.79

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):101.2

3、等张比容(90.2K):262.7

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):45.3

5、介电常数:

6、偶极距(10-24cm3):

7、极化率:13.00

计算化学

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:2

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积45.8

7.重原子数量:9

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:102

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

更多

1.性状:淡黄色透明油状液体,有苦杏仁味。

2.熔点(℃):5.7

3.沸点(℃):210.8

4.相对密度(水=1):1.20

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):4.25

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):0.02(20℃)

7.临界压力(MPa):4.82

8.辛醇/水分配系数:1.85~1.88

9.闪点(℃):88(CC)

10.引燃温度(℃):482

11.爆炸上限(%):40

12.爆炸下限(%):1.8(93℃)

13.溶解性:不溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯、丙酮等多数有机溶剂。

14.蒸发热(KJ/mol,484K):47.73

15.熔化热(KJ/mol,278.98K):11.60

16.电导率(S/m,23.6ºC):1.22×10-8

17.电导率(S/m,25ºC):9.1×10-7

18.热导率(W/(m·K),20ºC):0.13649

19.体膨胀系数(K-1,0~30ºC):0.00083

国标编号: 61056
CAS: 98-95-3
中文名称: 硝基苯
英文名称: nitrobenzene;Oil of mirbane
别 名: 密斑油
分子式: C6H5NO2
分子量: 123.11
熔 点: 5.7℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)1.20;
蒸汽压: 87.8℃
溶解性: 不溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯等多数有机溶剂
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 淡黄色透明油状液体,有苦杏仁味
危险标记: 14(剧毒品)
用 途: 用作溶剂,制造苯胺、染料等

2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害:主要引起高铁血红蛋白血症。可引起溶血及肝损害。 急性中毒:有头痛、头晕、乏力、皮肤粘膜紫绀、手指麻木等症状;严重时可出现胸闷、呼吸困难、心悸,甚至心律紊乱、昏迷、抽搐、呼吸麻痹。有时中毒后出现溶血性贫血、黄疸、中毒性肝炎。 慢性中毒:可有神经衰弱综合征;慢性溶血时,可出现贫血、黄疸;还可引起中毒性肝炎。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 急性毒性:LD50489mg/kg(大鼠经口);2100mg/kg(大鼠经皮);狗静脉150mg/kg,最小致死剂量;人(女性)经口200mg/kg,最小中毒剂量(血液毒性);人经口5mg/kg,最小中毒剂量(不悦感)。 致突变性:细胞遗传学分析:啤酒酵母菌10mmol/管。 生殖毒性:大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0):5ppm(6小时),(90天,雄性),影响精子生成,影响睾丸、附睾和输精管。 污染来源:硝基苯是有机合成的原料,最重要的用途是生产苯胺染料,还是重要的有机溶剂。环境中的硝基苯主要来自化工厂、染料厂的废水废气,尤其是苯胺染料厂排出的污水中含有大量硝基苯。贮运过程中的意外事故,也会造成硝基苯的严重污染。 硝基苯在水中具有极高的稳定性。由于其密度大于水,进入水体的硝基苯会沉入水底,长时间保持不变。又由于其在水中有一定的溶解度,所以造成的水体污染会持续相当长的时间。硝基苯的沸点较高,自然条件下的蒸发速度较慢,与强氧化剂反应生成对机械震动很敏感的化合物,能与空气形成爆炸性混合物。倾翻在环境中的硝基苯,会散发出刺鼻的苦杏仁味。80℃以上其蒸气与空气的混合物具爆炸性,倾倒在水中的硝基苯,以黄绿色油状物沉在水底。当浓度为5mg/L时,被污染水体呈黄色,有苦杏仁味。当浓度达100mg/L时,水几乎是黑色,并分离出黑色沉淀。当浓度超过33mg/L时可造成鱼类及水生生物死亡。吸入、摄入或皮肤吸收均可引起人员中毒。中毒的典型症状是气短、眩晕、恶心、昏厥、神志不清、皮肤发蓝,最后会因呼吸衰竭而死亡。 危险特性:遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触,有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。与硝酸反应强烈。 燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。 3.现场应急监测方法: 便携式气相色谱法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编 4.实验室监测方法: 监测方法 来源 类别 气相色谱法 GB13194-91 水质 锌还原-盐酸萘乙二胺光度法 GB15501-95 空气 气相色谱法 《固体废弃物试验分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译 固体废弃物 还原-偶氮比色法 《水和废水监测分析方法》(第三版)国家环保局编 水和废水 5.环境标准: 中国 (TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 5mg/m3[皮] 居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.01mg/m3(一次值) 中国(GB16297-1996) 大气污染物综合排放标准 ①最高允许排放浓度(mg/L) 16(表2);20(表1) ②最高允许排放速率(kg/h) 二级0.060~1.3(表2);0.05~1.1(表1) 三级0.080~1.7(表2);0.090~2.0(表1) ③无组织排放监控浓度限值(mg/m3) 0.040(表2);0.050(表1) 中国(GHZB1-1999) 地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域特定值) 0.017mg/L 中国(GB8978-1996) 污水综合排放标准 一级:2.0mg/L 二级:3.0mg/L 三级:5.0mg/L   嗅觉阈浓度 5.12mg/m3 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。当硝基苯洒在地面时,立即用沙土、泥块阻断漏液的温延,配戴好面具、手套,将漏液或漏物收集在适当的容器内封存,用沙土或其它惰性材料吸收残液,转移到安全地带。立即仔细收集被污染土壤,转移到安全地带。当硝基苯倾倒在水面时,应迅速切断被污染水体的流动,以免污染扩散。中毒人员立即离开现场,到空气新鲜的地方,脱去被沾染的外衣,用大量的水冲洗皮肤,漱口,大量饮水,催吐,即送医院。着火时用大量水和干粉、泡沫、二氧化碳等灭火器灭火。接触硝基苯的人员严禁饮酒,以免加重加速毒性作用。沿地面加强通风,以驱赶硝基苯蒸气。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护:可能接触其蒸气时,佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护:戴安全防护眼镜。 身体防护:穿透气型防毒服。 手防护:戴防苯耐油手套。 其它:工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。及时换洗工作服。工作前后不饮酒,用温水洗澡。注意检测毒物。实行就业前和定期的体检。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触:立即脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。 眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入:饮足量温水,催吐,就医。 灭火方法:消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。喷水冷却容器,可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。灭火剂:雾状水、抗溶性泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性

LD50:489mg/kg(大鼠经口);2100mg/kg(大鼠经皮)

2.刺激性

家兔经皮:500mg(24h),轻度刺激。

家兔经眼:500mg(24h),轻度刺激。

3.致突变性 微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门菌仓鼠肺200μg/L。

4.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论:G2B,可疑人类致癌物。

5.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCLo):5ppm(6h)(90d,雄性),影响精子生成,影响睾丸、附睾和输精管。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性

LC50:27mg/L(48h)(水蚤);42.6mg/L(48h)(蓝鳃太阳鱼);117mg/L(96h)(黑体呆鱼);125mg/L(48h)(青鳉)

IC50:1.9~33mg/L(72h)(藻类)

2.生物降解性

好氧生物降解(h):322~4728

厌氧生物降解(h):48~300

3.非生物降解性

水相光解半衰期(h):1608~4800

光解最大吸收(nm):259

水中光氧化半衰期(h):3009~1.90×105

空气中光氧化半衰期(h):0.544~5.44

4.生物富集性

BCF:2~4.8(鲤鱼,接触浓度125ppb,接触时间6周);1.6~7.7(鲤鱼,接触浓度12.5ppb,接触时间6周)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
DA6475000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Benzene, nitro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
98-95-3
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
78
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C6-H5-N-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
123.12
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
WNR

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Vascular - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
35 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
556 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
640 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
590 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
480 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
286 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
25 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral - coma
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
900 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in spleen
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 ug/m3/24H/73D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in spleen
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1400 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in spleen Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - other changes Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
25 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1260 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 21 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
3180 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
5 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 90 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1260 ug/m3/4H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
40 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 12 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
41 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
REFERENCE :
BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,359,1986 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,183,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 3 mg/m3;STEL 6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1 ppm;STEL 3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NITROBENZENE-air:10H TWA 1 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 1022 (estimated) No. of Industries: 21 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 10578 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 654 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 5080 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 474 (estimated)

符号 GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
信号词 Danger
危害声明 H301 + H311 + H331-H351-H360F-H372-H412
警示性声明 Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P201-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P308 + P313
靶器官 Blood
个人防护装备 Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
危害码 (欧洲) T:Toxic;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;
风险声明 (欧洲) R23/24/25;R40;R48/23/24;R51/53;R62
安全声明 (欧洲) S28-S36/37-S45-S61-S28A-S16-S7-S27
危险品运输编码 UN 1662 6.1/PG 2
WGK德国 2
RTECS号 DA6475000
包装等级 II
危险类别 6.1
海关编码 2904201000

1.由苯经混酸硝化而得。这是生产硝基苯的传统方法,最初采用间歇法生产,后来发展了连续法,近来又发展为绝热硝化法。间歇法是苯和混酸的铸铁硝化锅中于50℃下反应。连续硝化采用串联的硝化器,为使硝酸是到充分利用,并减少二硝基苯的生成,加入的苯稍过量。连续法的优点是生产能力大,硝酸的浓度可适当降低。绝热硝化法可间歇或连续操作,反应热可利用来浓缩硫酸,副产物二硝基苯较少。原料消耗定额:纯苯(工业品)665kg/t、硝酸(98%570kg/t、硫酸(92.5%)50kg/t、纯碱20kg/t。

98-95-3 preparation

2.精制方法:硝基苯通常含有硝基甲苯、二硝基噻酚、二硝基苯和苯胺等杂质。精制时用稀硫酸、稀碱和水依次洗涤,氯化钙干燥后反复进行减压蒸馏。也可以用分步结晶或用绝对乙醇重结晶的方法精制。其他的精制方法有:在稀硫酸存在下进行水蒸气蒸馏,馏出物分去水层后,用氯化钙干燥,然后在氧化钡、五氧化二磷三氯化铝或活性氧化铝存在下减压蒸馏。

3.以工业硝基苯为原料,加入无水氯化钙干燥脱去水分,然后进行蒸馏收集208.5~212.0℃馏分,即得成品。也可采用减压蒸馏,操作压力为267Pa。

海关编码 2904201000
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