Doxycycline hyclate

Names

[ Name ]:
Doxycycline hyclate

[Synonym ]:
Doxycycline Hyclate / Monohydrate
DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE USP GRADE
Azudoxat
Tetradox
HYDRAMYCIN
Ethanol compd. with (4S-(4a,4aa,5a,5aa,6a,12aa))-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide
DOXYCYCLINE HYDRATE
(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-2-tetracenecarboxamide - ethanol hydrochloride hydrate (2:1:2:1)
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate
Ronaxan
DOXYCYCLINE MONOHYDRATE
(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide - ethanol hydrochloride hydrate (2:1:2:1)
2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, (4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)-, compd. with ethanol, hydrochloride, hydrate (2:1:2:1)
Doxycycline hyclate COS
Doxycycline Hyclate USP
(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide - ethanol (2:1) dihydrochloride hydrate
Mespafin
Retens
Doxycycline API
Doxycycline Hydrochlocide
Doxycycline Hc1
Doxycycline HCl

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Doxycycline (hyclate) is a tetracycline antibiotic and broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> MMP

Research Areas >> Infection

[In Vitro]

Doxycycline shows excellent effectiveness and time-dependent characteristics against M. gallisepticum strain S6 in vitro[2]. Osteoblasts exposed to the composite containing 25 μg/mL doxycycline (DOX)/β-cyclodextrin (βCD) has increased cell proliferation (p < 0.05) compared to control osteoblast cultures at all experimental time points, reaching a maximum in the second week. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and collagen secretion levels are also elevated in osteoblasts exposed to the DOX/βCD composite (p < 0.05 vs. controls) and reach a maximum after 14 days[3]. Doxycycline (20 nM) inhibits ECM (extracellular matrix) production and remodeling in both SMC (smooth muscle cell) types of cultures, and synthesis of collagens and isoprenylated proteins in SMC-Ch (a cholesterol-rich diet) is a higher than in SMC-C (a standard diet)[4].

[In Vivo]

In heterozygous (HT) Col3a1 knockout mice, after 3 months of treatment with doxycycline or placebo, 9-month-old HT or wild-type (WT) mice are subjected to surgical stressing of the aorta. A 3-fold increase in stress-induced aortic lesions found in untreated HT mice 1 week after intervention (cumulative score 4.5±0.87 versus 1.3±0.34 in WT, p<0.001) is fully prevented in the doxycycline (25 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.)-treated group (1.1±0.56)[1].

[Kinase Assay]

Gelatin (0.1% (w/v) is added to standard LaemmLi acrylamide polymerization mixture. Tissue extract is mixed 1:2 with sample buffer [250 mM Tris-Cl pH 6.8, 10% (w/v) SDS, 20% (v/v) glycerol, 0.005% (w/v) bromphenol blue]. Serum is diluted 1:10 with electrophoresis buffer (2.5 mM Tris, 20 mM glycine, 0.005% SDS) and mixed 1:2 with sample buffer. Twenty μLs are loaded after 10-min incubation at room temperature without boiling. After electrophoresis at 90 V, the gels are soaked in 2.5% (w/v) Triton X-100, incubated 2 to 3 days at 37°C in gelatin digestion buffer [50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0, 8 mM CaCl2, 10 mM ZnSO2, 0.02% (w/v) NaN3], stained in 0.05% Coomassie blue R-250 in acetic acid/methanol/water (1:4.5:4.5 by volume), destained in 10% acetic acid and 5% methanol, and scanned for lysis band intensity. The lysis band intensity is proportional to gelatinase activity and is quantified densitometrically by using One-Dimensional Scan software. The result, a number between 0.07 and 3.75, is normalized to the protein content by dividing the densitometry result with the relative optical density from the BCA protein assay kit result. The result is used for the analysis as the arbitrary unit. For the total MMP activity results of lysis bands of pro-MMP-9, active MMP-9, pro-MMP-2, and active MMP-2 are added. A protein size marker is used to determine the correct size.

[Cell Assay]

All in vitro treatments are performed in SMC cultures at 90% confluence, when ECM synthesis in SMC starts to be evident. Doxycycline (20 nM) is diluted in culture medium at a concentration of 10 μg/mL (20 nM), at which no toxicity or variation in primary cultured SMC proliferation has been reported, as well as in other cell lines and the incubation time is 48 h. SMC-C and SMC-Ch are seeded at equal cell density in 6-well plates and, when confluence reaches 90%, 1 mL culture medium is added to each well containing 3.7×104 Bq L-[5-3H]-proline (9.62×1011 Bq/mmol). After 48 h incubation, cells are lysed with 0.5 mL 0.5 mol/L NaOH for 1 h. The resulting solution is neutralized with an equal amount of 0.5 mol/L HCl, and 50 μL are used to measure total proteins with the Bradford method. One volume of 10% TCA is added to the remaining 250 μL and centrifuged at 13,000 g for 15 min at 4°C. The resulting precipitate is dissolved in 100 μL 0.2 mol/L NaOH, and then neutralized with 1 mol/L HCl. The solution is incubated with collagenase buffer (Tris-HCl, pH 7.6 20 mM, and CaCl2 250 mM final concentration) and 10 units of collagenase at 37°C overnight. Then, 150 μL 10% TCA are added and centrifuged at 13000 g for 15 min at 4°C. The resulting supernatant is added to 4 mL of scintillation fluid and the radioactivity is measured in a liquid scintillation counter LS 600 TA.

[Animal admin]

Two groups of 6-month-old female heterozygous (HT) Col3a1 knockout mice are treated for 3 months with doxycycline. Treatment is provided with food containing 200 or 800 mg/kg of doxycycline. Because preliminary measured food intake of these mice is averaged at 3.5 g/day and the average body weight of animals is 25 g, the average drug dose for low- and high-dose groups is 25 (Doxy25) or 100 (Doxy100) mg/kg per day, respectively. Untreated (wild type) WT and HT mice are maintained on a regular diet (NIH-07 mouse/rat diet) and served as controls. After 3 months, under general inhalation anesthesia (2% of isoflurane in oxygen) and aseptic conditions, the abdominal aortas are surgically exposed and stressed by the following technique: the blood flow is stopped by occluding the abdominal aorta against the spinal column with a sterile cotton-tip applicator pressed at the level of the renal arteries. After 30 s a second applicator is pressed at the level of iliac bifurcation and the first applicator is abruptly released, followed by release of the second applicator. The abdominal incision is sutured closed, and mice are returned to home cages. The treatment is continued after the intervention. One week after intervention mice are euthanized by an overdose of isoflurane. Blood is collected, and aortas and segments of colon and skin are harvested.

[References]

[1]. Wilfried Briest, et al. Doxycycline ameliorates the susceptibility to aortic lesions in a mouse model for the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Jun;337(3):621-7.

[2]. Zhang N, et al. The PK/PD Interactions of Doxycycline against Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Front Microbiol. 2016 May 4;7:653.

[3]. Trajano VC, et al. Osteogenic activity of cyclodextrin-encapsulated doxycycline in a calcium phosphate PCL and PLGA composite. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016 Jul 1;64:370-5.

[4]. Palomino-Morales R, et al. Inhibition of extracellular matrix production and remodeling by doxycycline in smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Mar 25. Epub ahead of print

[5]. Wang X, et al. FTO is required for myogenesis by positively regulating mTOR-PGC-1α pathway-mediated mitochondria biogenesis. Cell Death Dis. 2017 Mar 23;8(3):e2702.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
685.2ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
206-209?C (dec.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₂₂H₂₄N₂O_8.1/₂C₂H₆O_.ClH_.1/₂H₂O

[ Molecular Weight ]:
512.94

[ Flash Point ]:
368.2ºC

[ PSA ]:
392.70000

[ LogP ]:
2.24370

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
1.03E-19mmHg at 25°C

[ Storage condition ]:
2~8°C

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302-H315-H319-H335

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P261-P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn: Harmful;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R22;R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ RTECS ]:
QI8925000

[ HS Code ]:
2941302000

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2941302000

Articles

Phospho-tyrosine dependent protein-protein interaction network.

Mol. Syst. Biol. 11(3) , 794, (2015)

Post-translational protein modifications, such as tyrosine phosphorylation, regulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs) critical for signal processing and cellular phenotypes. We extended an establis...

Antibacterial effect of doxycycline-coated dental abutment surfaces.

Biomed. Mater. 10 , 055003, (2015)

Biofilm formation on dental abutment may lead to peri-implant mucositis and subsequent peri-implantitis. These cases are clinically treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline (Doxy). Here we used an...

[Familial amyloid polyneuropathies: therapeutic issues].

Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 196(7) , 1333-45; discussion 1345-7, (2012)

Patients with familial amyloidpolyneuropathies (FAP) require multidisciplinary neurologic and cardiologic management, including specific treatments to control the progression of systemic amyloidogenes...

Related Compounds

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