Benazepril hydrochloride

Benazepril hydrochloride, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which is a medication used to treat high blood pressure.Target: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)Benazepril hydrochloride is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Upon cleavage of its ester group by the liver, benazepril hydrochloride is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor [1].Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham STNx group (control), STNx group, morning benazepril hydrochloride group (MB) and evening benazepril hydrochloride group (EB).Benazepril hydrochloride was intragastrically administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day at 07:00 and 19:00 in the MB group and EB group respectively for 12 weeks. All the animals were synchronized to the light:dark cycle of 12:12 for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24-h urinary protein excretion and renal function were measured at 11 weeks. Blood samples and kidneys were collected every 4 h throughout a day to detect the expression pattern of renin activity (RA), angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone (Ald) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the mRNA expression profile of clock genes (bmal1, dbp and per2) by real-time PCR at 12 weeks. Our results showed that no significant differences were noted in the SBP, 24-h urine protein excretion and renal function between the MB and EB groups. There were no significant differences in average Ald and RA content of a day between the MB group and EB group. The expression peak of bmal1 mRNA was phase-delayed by 4 to 8 h, and the diurnal variation of per2 and dbp mRNA diminished in the MB and EB groups compared with the control and STNx groups. It was concluded when the similar SBP reduction, RAAS inhibition and clock gene profile were achieved with optimal dose of benazepril hydrochloride, morning versus evening dosing of benazepril hydrochloride has the same renoprotection effects [2].Clinical indications: Congestive heart failure; End stage renal disease; HypertensionFDA Approved Date: Toxicity: headaches; cough; Anaphylaxis; angioedema; hyperkalemia

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)

Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease

[1]. Hou FF, et al. Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 12;354(2):131-40.

[2]. Huang XM, et al. Effects of chronotherapy of benazepril on the diurnal profile of RAAS and clock genes in the kidney of 5/6 nephrectomy rats. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2013 Jun;33(3):368-74.

Angiotensin I/II (1-7) trifluoroacetate salt | Captopril | Enalapril maleate | Perindopril erbumine | Lisinopril diydrate | Phosphoramidon disodium salt | Trandolapril | Fosinopril sodium | Quinapril hydrochloride | Ramipril | Cilazapril Monohydrate | Enalaprilat Dihydrate | omapatrilat | Temocapril (hydrochloride) | Hemorphin-7

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C24-H28-N2-O5.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

461.00

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

CDREEA Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. (Raven Press, 1185 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) V.6- 1988- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,89,1990

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4019 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

CDREEA Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. (Raven Press, 1185 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) V.6- 1988- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,89,1990

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :

CDREEA Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. (Raven Press, 1185 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) V.6- 1988- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,89,1990 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3650 mg/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - food intake (animal) Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,3863,1991

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

54750 mg/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes primarily in glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - changes in spleen

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,3893,1991 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

81 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 60 day(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,3445,1991

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

26 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,3471,1991

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

11 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,3453,1991