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79307-93-0

79307-93-0 structure
79307-93-0 structure
  • Name: azelastine hydrochloride
  • Chemical Name: azelastine hydrochloride
  • CAS Number: 79307-93-0
  • Molecular Formula: C22H25Cl2N3O
  • Molecular Weight: 418.359
  • Catalog: API Antiallergic Antihistamine
  • Create Date: 2018-08-13 13:12:29
  • Modify Date: 2025-08-20 15:15:08
  • Azelastine HCl is a potent, second-generation, selective, histamine antagonist.Target: Histamine ReceptorAzelastine is a selective H(1)-receptor antagonist that inhibits histamine release and interferes with activation of several other mediators of allergic inflammation. Azelastine can inhibit CHMCs activation and release of IL-6, tryptase, and histamine. On an equimolar basis, azelastine was a more potent inhibitor than olopatadine [1]. Topical azelastine progressively improved itching and conjunctival redness in PAC patients compared to placebo and was at least as effective as levocabastine. Rapid relief is consistent with H(1)-receptor antagonist action, while continued improvement up to 6 weeks may be consistent with mechanisms involving other mediators of allergic inflammation [2]. Azelastine nasal spray was reported to control all rhinitis symptoms, including nasal congestion, regardless of rhinitis diagnosis during the 2-week study period. Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis plus nonallergic triggers were identified as patient types most likely to respond to azelastine nasal spray [3].
Name azelastine hydrochloride
Synonyms Azelastine hydrochloride
1(2H)-Phthalazinone, 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-azepin-4-yl)-, hydrochloride (1:1)
4-((4-Chlorophenyl)methyl)-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-azepin-4-yl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone hydrochloride
4-((4-Chlorophenyl)methyl)-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-azepin-4-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one hydrochloride
UNII:0L591QR10I
1(2H)-phthalazinone, 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-azepin-4-yl)-, monohydrochloride
4-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-methyl-4-azepanyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone hydrochloride (1:1)
4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-methylazepan-4-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one hydrochloride
azelastinum [INN_la]
4-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-methylazepan-4-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one hydrochloride (1:1)
MFCD00242783
4-(4-Chlorbenzyl)-2-(1-methylazepan-4-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-onhydrochlorid
4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-méthylazépan-4-yl)phtalazin-1(2H)-one chlorhydrate
Azelastine (hydrochloride)
Description Azelastine HCl is a potent, second-generation, selective, histamine antagonist.Target: Histamine ReceptorAzelastine is a selective H(1)-receptor antagonist that inhibits histamine release and interferes with activation of several other mediators of allergic inflammation. Azelastine can inhibit CHMCs activation and release of IL-6, tryptase, and histamine. On an equimolar basis, azelastine was a more potent inhibitor than olopatadine [1]. Topical azelastine progressively improved itching and conjunctival redness in PAC patients compared to placebo and was at least as effective as levocabastine. Rapid relief is consistent with H(1)-receptor antagonist action, while continued improvement up to 6 weeks may be consistent with mechanisms involving other mediators of allergic inflammation [2]. Azelastine nasal spray was reported to control all rhinitis symptoms, including nasal congestion, regardless of rhinitis diagnosis during the 2-week study period. Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis plus nonallergic triggers were identified as patient types most likely to respond to azelastine nasal spray [3].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Kempuraj, D., et al., Azelastine is more potent than olopatadine n inhibiting interleukin-6 and tryptase release from human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2002. 88(5): p. 501-6.

[2]. Canonica, G.W., et al., Topical azelastine in perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2003. 19(4): p. 321-9.

[3]. Lieberman, P., M.A. Kaliner, and W.J. Wheeler, Open-label evaluation of azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2005. 21(4): p. 611-8.
Density 1.25 g/cm3
Boiling Point 533.9ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 225-229ºC
Molecular Formula C22H25Cl2N3O
Molecular Weight 418.359
Flash Point 276.7ºC
Exact Mass 417.137482
PSA 38.13000
LogP 5.03740
Stability Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
TH9203900
CHEMICAL NAME :
1(2H)-Phthalazinone, 4-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-a zepin-4-yl)-, monohydrochloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
79307-93-0
LAST UPDATED :
199206
DATA ITEMS CITED :
21
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C22-H24-Cl-N3-O.Cl-H
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
418.40
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T66 BVNNJ E1R DG& C- DT7NTJ A1 &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
580 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
80500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
24600 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
115 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
143 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
59600 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
25400 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
57200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
107 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5235,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
126 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
37300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
23 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
46200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5231,1986 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1050 mg/kg/5W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5238,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5460 mg/kg/26W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5273,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10920 mg/kg/52W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5287,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
700 mg/kg/5W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,5251,1986 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
6729 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 11 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,1225,1981
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
330 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,1225,1981
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
755 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,1225,1981
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
390 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - abortion Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,1225,1981
Symbol GHS07
GHS07
Signal Word Warning
Hazard Statements H302
Precautionary Statements P301 + P312 + P330
Hazard Codes Xn
Risk Phrases 22
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
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