Ethambutol dihydrochloride

Modify Date: 2025-08-20 13:09:09

Ethambutol dihydrochloride Structure
Ethambutol dihydrochloride structure
 Common Name Ethambutol dihydrochloride
CAS Number 1070-11-7 Molecular Weight 277.232
Density N/A Boiling Point 345.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C10H26Cl2N2O2 Melting Point 198-200°C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 113.7ºC
Symbol GHS08
GHS08		 Signal Word Danger

 Use of Ethambutol dihydrochloride


Ethambutol Dihydrochloride is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases.Target: AntibacterialEthambutol directly affects two polymers, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in Mycobacterium smegmatis. In M. smegmatis, Ethambutol inhibits synthesis of arabinan completely and inhibits AG synthesis most likely as a consequence of this; more than 50% of the cell arabinan is released from the bacteria following Ethambutol treatment, whereas no galactan is released. Ethambutol main targets against embB gene product in M. avium. Ethambutol induces 60% changes in the embB gene in M. tuberculosis resistant mutants [1]. Ethambutol is effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis. Nearly all strains of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii as well as a number of strains of the M. aviumcomplex (MAC) are sensitive to Ethambutol. [1] Ethambutol is potency against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) with MIC of 0.5 μg/mL in vitro [2]. Ethambutol is efficient on treatment of mycobacterial-infected macrophages. When M. tuberculosis infected macrophages are treated with 6 μg/mL Ethambutol, the log CFUs following treatment for 3 days is 4.17, while value in control group is 4.8. The MICs for M. avium (MTCC 1723) and M. smegmatis (MTCC 6) are 15 μg/mL and 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Ethambutol is efficient in animal model. 100 mg/kg Ethambutol given orally 15 days post i.v. infection 1 ×/week for 5 weeks, induces a lower log CFU compared with untreatment (4.59 vs 5.07) [3].

 Names

Name ethambutol dihydrochloride
Synonym More Synonyms

 Ethambutol dihydrochloride Biological Activity

Description Ethambutol Dihydrochloride is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases.Target: AntibacterialEthambutol directly affects two polymers, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in Mycobacterium smegmatis. In M. smegmatis, Ethambutol inhibits synthesis of arabinan completely and inhibits AG synthesis most likely as a consequence of this; more than 50% of the cell arabinan is released from the bacteria following Ethambutol treatment, whereas no galactan is released. Ethambutol main targets against embB gene product in M. avium. Ethambutol induces 60% changes in the embB gene in M. tuberculosis resistant mutants [1]. Ethambutol is effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis. Nearly all strains of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii as well as a number of strains of the M. aviumcomplex (MAC) are sensitive to Ethambutol. [1] Ethambutol is potency against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) with MIC of 0.5 μg/mL in vitro [2]. Ethambutol is efficient on treatment of mycobacterial-infected macrophages. When M. tuberculosis infected macrophages are treated with 6 μg/mL Ethambutol, the log CFUs following treatment for 3 days is 4.17, while value in control group is 4.8. The MICs for M. avium (MTCC 1723) and M. smegmatis (MTCC 6) are 15 μg/mL and 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Ethambutol is efficient in animal model. 100 mg/kg Ethambutol given orally 15 days post i.v. infection 1 ×/week for 5 weeks, induces a lower log CFU compared with untreatment (4.59 vs 5.07) [3].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Ethambutol. Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2008. 88(2): p. 102-5.

[2]. Rastogi, N., V. Labrousse, and K.S. Goh, In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against drug susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparative intracellular activities against the virulent H37Rv strain

[3]. Kaur, D. and G.K. Khuller, In vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo activities of ethambutol and sparfloxacin alone and in combination against mycobacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2001. 17(1): p. 51-5.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Boiling Point 345.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 198-200°C
Molecular Formula C10H26Cl2N2O2
Molecular Weight 277.232
Flash Point 113.7ºC
Exact Mass 276.137146
PSA 64.52000
LogP 2.09320
Vapour Pressure 3.35E-07mmHg at 25°C
Storage condition Refrigerator

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
EL3854000
CHEMICAL NAME :
1-Butanol, 2,2'-(ethylenediimino)di-, dihydrochloride, (+)-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
1070-11-7
LAST UPDATED :
199706
DATA ITEMS CITED :
14
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C10-H24-N2-O2.2Cl-H
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
277.28
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
Q1Y2&M2MY2&1Q &GH 2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
46 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
720 mg/kg/48D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
6800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
8900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
230 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
31200 mg/kg/22W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Cardiac - other changes Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
12500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
IRLCDZ IRCS Medical Science: Library Compendium. (Lancaster, UK) V.3-11, 1975-83. For publisher information, see IMSCE2. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,135,1982 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5347 No. of Facilities: 93 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 590 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 430 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS08
GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H360
Precautionary Statements P201-P308 + P313
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes T: Toxic;
Risk Phrases R61
Safety Phrases S53-S22-S36/37/39-S45
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 3
RTECS EL3854000
HS Code 2922191000

 Customs

HS Code 2922191000

 Articles25

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 Synonyms

2,2'-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(butan-1-ol) dihydrochloride
(S,S)-N,N'-Bis(1-hydroxy-2-butyl)ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride
(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(butan-1-ol) dihydrochloride
(S,S)-2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediyldiimino)bis-1-butanol Dihydrochloride
(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(Ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol dihydrochloride
Ethambutol hydrochloride
Ethambutol dihydrochloride
(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediyldiimino)di(1-butanol) dihydrochloride
1-Butanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)bis-, (2S,2'S)-, hydrochloride (1:2)
MFCD00216025
EINECS 213-970-7
2,2'-[1,2-Ethanediyldi(imino)]di(1-butanol) dihydrochloride
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